Incarceration Within The United States - 1623 Words

Kyle Yahn Mrs. Pond AP Language 25 April 2016 Incarceration within the United States Incarceration is the state in which a person is confined within a prison, this can be known as imprisonment. Imprisonment within the United States is mostly due to the illegal use of drugs. Drug Offenses are the most common cause of incarceration, an astounding forty-six percent, compared to the second most common causes. These causes include the illegal handling, and usage of weapons, explosives, and arson; these Offenses only hold a lightly rounded total of seventeen percent. The list of Offenses continuing from there decrease in percentage rates, the list contains the following in order from greatest to least amount of cases; Immigration, Sex Offenses, Extortion, Fraud, Bribery, Burglary, Larceny, Property Offenses, Robbery, Homicide, Aggravated Assault, and Kidnapping Offenses, Miscellaneous, Courts or Corrections, Banking and Insurance, Counterfeit, Embezzlement, Continuing Criminal Enterprise, then National Security Risks. Ages of those in carcerated have a range from the beginning of adolescence to the elderly. The security system of prisons is separated into five main categories; Minimum, Low, Medium, High, and Unclassified. Minimum and low-security levels are for common offenses such as theft. Medium and high classifications are for homicide and national security risks. Unclassified is for those who have not yet been assigned an area of security. The main force of inmates areShow MoreRelatedMass Incarceration : A Major Problem Within The United States1695 Words   |  7 PagesMass incarceration has recently become a major problem within the United States. Although crime rates have dropped since the 1990s, incarceration rates have soared. This trend is largely associated with increased enforcement of drug-related crimes. Unfortunately, though not surprisingly, this problem involves racial discrepancies when regarding these mass incarcerations. Incarcerations appear to be the most prominent throughout urban areas an d the south, which happen to be the areas where AfricanRead MoreThe Judicial Corporal System Of Islamic Criminal Justice System Essay1299 Words   |  6 PagesIncarceration, especially in the United States, is widely known to be a massive taxpayer burden— to the tune of over $52 billion per year (CITE p414). In 2012, the annual cost per inmate in the United States was approximately $21,000 for low risk inmates, and up to $34,000 for high risk offenders (CITE p386). Additionally, incarceration places a significant financial burden on the offenders themselves, because they would lose their current jobs, and any job prospects they would have in the futureRead MorePositive And Negative Impacts Of The Correctional System1514 Words   |  7 PagesFord Valdosta State University â€Æ' Introduction The correctional system as a whole has a significant impact on the United States. From policy, incarceration, sexual victimization, and those who oversee correctional facilities it all takes a toll on the country. Simply stated, it is the butterfly effect seen in action. When one decision, action, or lack thereof is implemented there will either be positive or negative consequences. Statistics encompassing sexual victimization, incarceration rates in theRead MoreDrug Addiction Treatment Vs. Incarceration966 Words   |  4 PagesDrug Addiction Treatment vs. Incarceration: Gaining Insight Regarding the Facts Drug addiction is most often defined as a chronic progressive relapsing cycle in which an individual experiences excessive compulsions in using a mood altering substance despite the consequences associated with the drug. Drug addiction is also considered a disease that affects the brain; which results in a chemical imbalance caused by the abuse of illegal substances. The effects of drug usage can cause long term brainRead MoreMass Incarceration : A New Form Of Slavery Essay1555 Words   |  7 PagesMass Incarceration: A New Form of Slavery in the United States Lorena P. Ambriz History 12A Abstract Starting in the 1970s, the rising rate of imprisonment came to be known as Mass Incarceration. What was once an average of 100 people getting imprisoned for every 100,000 adults, prior to the 1970s, has now grown to become more than 600 individuals per every 100,000 adults imprisoned. With only five present of the total world population, The United States holds an astonishing 25 percent of theRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration1199 Words   |  5 Pagesdid read her book The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration In The Age of Colorblindness. Michelle Alexander stated that The most despised in America is not gays, transgenders, nor even illegal immigrants - it is criminals. That was an important quote since the stereotypical criminal in our racially divided America in most cases are those of color also known as blacks. This is why the criminal justice system in the United States promotes the mass incarceration of blacks that can be seen through highRead MoreThe Basis for Cridme Deterren ce in the United States964 Words   |  4 Pagesdeterrence in the United States is based on the exacting words of Beccaria, â€Å"†¦ a punishment†¦ should be public, immediate, and necessary, the least possible in the case given, proportioned to the crime, and determined by the laws. While this philosophy fulfills its intended goals, it also comes with far reaching consequences for criminal offenders and completely ignores the true goal of incarceration, to rehabilitate the offender for reintroduction into society. Mass incarceration as a means of criminalRead MoreThe Factual United States Criminal Justice System1434 Words   |  6 Pages The Factual United States Criminal Justice System. Myths are stories telling a part of the world view of a society or give an explanation of a practice, belief, or natural phenomenon. It is a popular viewpoint, embodying the ideals and institutions of a society or segment of society. Although myths are regarded as fictional representations, they often reveal underlying ideals. Myths often tell us more about our social and cultural values than they do about any particularRead MoreThe United States Incarceration System1710 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States incarceration system is a structural foundation of punishment in which is formed by robust authoritarian power. The United States criminal justice system is not an institution to be underestimated, as it represents the highest incarceration rate of all world nations at a staggering 700 inmates per 100 thousand citizens (Krisberg, 7). Based on the social and political structure of democracy in the United States, it is argued that incarceration systems should follow the same rootsRead MoreThe Data Around Incarceration Rates And It s Correlations With Poverty Rates1191 Words   |  5 Pagesthis paper is to look into the data around incarceration rates and it’s correlations with poverty rates in two separate locations in the United States of America (USA). The key points within this paper include incarceration, poverty, and medium income. This paper will look at these different key points and investigate these inequalities by location. Empirical Question: Do areas with higher poverty rates in the United States face disproportionate incarceration rates compared to areas with lower poverty

An Analysis of the Poem A Country Without a Mythology

â€Å"In the darkness the fields / defend themselves with fences / in vain: / everything / is getting in† (Atwood, 28-33). The man in Margaret Atwood’s poem â€Å"Progressive Insanities of a Pioneer† is in a situation similar to the stranger in Douglas LePan’s poem â€Å"A Country Without a Mythology.† The man in Atwood’s poem as well as the stranger in LePan’s poem are both unsure of where they are. In â€Å"Progressive Insanities of a Pioneer† the man tries to separate himself from his environment; however, in â€Å"A Country Without a Mythology† the stranger tries to adapt himself to his environment. By analyzing the content, structure, and meaning of â€Å"A Country Without a Mythology† the reader will understand that if the stranger openly accepts his surroundings†¦show more content†¦When the stranger describes the weather the descriptions makes him seem more like an outsider because the Natives do n ot know the difference between Canadian and European weather making it illogical for the Natives to describe the weather in the way the stranger describes the weather. During the summer months the stranger’s word choices change from harsh words such as â€Å"violent† to relaxing words such as â€Å"passion† and â€Å"lovely† (16-19). The change in word choice indicates that the stranger is feeling more comfortable and accepting of his surroundings. Not only does the stranger’s feelings towards his environment change but LePan’s feelings towards the stranger changes as well. There is no evident emotion in the poem from LePan towards the stranger until LePan refers to the stranger as a â€Å"passionate man† who must travel across the fire-ridden land (20). At this point in the poem the stranger is desperate to find a spiritual connection believing he will find â€Å"sanctities of childhood† (23) and â€Å"a golden-haired Archang el† (28), but in reality all he finds is chaos and destruction. The stranger is so preoccupied with his own ideals of spiritual connection and religion that he is oblivious to the Native’s spirit: the manitou. The stranger sees the manitou as merely a clumsy, dirty, unsteady carving made by the savages (34-36). If the stranger became more accepting andShow MoreRelatedAmerican Literature11652 Words   |  47 Pagespeople in society defined by class society corrupted by materialism ï‚ · emphasizes moralism through observation Style: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · novel and short stories are important prefers objective narrator dialogue includes many voices from around the country does not tell the reader how to interpret the story Effect: ï‚ · ï‚ · social realism: aims to change a specific social problem aesthetic realism: art that insists on detailing the world as one sees it Historical Context: ï‚ · Civil War bringsRead MoreEssay about Bone Dreams by Seamus Heaney1953 Words   |  8 PagesBone Dreams by Seamus Heaney – An Analysis Bone Dreams is an obscure and difficult poem to understand. In all my searching on the internet, I found very little to help me in my analysis of this poem and so the ideas are basically my own. I might be wide of the mark, but for anybody struggling to understand this poem, it might at least give you some ideas of your own. I make no apology for asking questions or for sounding vague or even muddled in places. I hope that this essay is of helpRead MorePoem Analysis: Allen Ginsbergs Howl2277 Words   |  9 PagesAllen Ginsberg composed Howl in 1955 and it was published by City Lights Books of San Francisco, CA the following year. He composed the poem in the middle of the 1950s, one of the greatest decades in history for mainstream America. It had been a decade since the American and Allied victory in the second world war. Numerous American men returned home to a country in much better shape than expected, with many women having entered the workforce to keep the economy and industry alive in their absenceRead MoreFa Mulan Analysis1692 Words   |  7 Pageswith a Thousand Faces which discusses a concept known as the Hero’s Journey. This analysis of myths and stories puts forward a link that ties literature and art from these civilizations, great and small, together- an archetype of the common hero. One such pretense is the Chinese classic, Mulan. The tale of Fa Mulan’s heroic journey to save her country had been retold for hundreds of years, in countless ballads, poems, and narratives throughout Chinese literature but with its most acclaimed versionRead MoreJakob and Wilhelm Grimm Essay1576 Words   |  7 Pageschildren loved to her and dream of. In the Grimm Brothers’ stories, the male characters were usually the ones that would get themselves into trouble. This essay will analyze the life and fiction of Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm. It will employ a literary analysis that focuses on the principle of female characters to gain a more thorough understanding of the following three short stories: â€Å"Rapunzel†, â€Å"The Brother and Sister†, and â€Å"Gambling Hansel.† Jakob and Wilhelm were born a year apart from each otherRead MoreLike The Molave Critical Analysis3058 Words   |  13 PagesCosta’s 1940 poem Like the Molave,the speaker entreats our national hero, Jose Rizal to inspire generations with his unwavering perseverance for nationalfreedom. Moreover, the poem foresees the future of Filipinos in our countrywide failings such as our dependence upon others and upon the government, lack of self-restraint and loss of social dignity from a mistaken notion of modernity. Furthermore, the speaker tells the other heroes who bravely died in the process of freeing our country to enthuseRead MoreTaking a Look at Lewis Carroll1960 Words   |  8 PagesHis grandfather, another Charles Dodgson, had been an army captain and ended up being killed in battle, leaving two children behind. The elder son, Charles, went to Westminster and then Oxford. This Charles married his cousin in 1827 and became a country parson. Out of this marriage came yet another Charles. Our Charles, who came to use the penname of Lewis Carroll (and, gee, I wonder why). He was the third of eleven children who, remarkably, all lived to adulthood. The first years of his educationRead MoreWho Goes with Fergus11452 Words   |  46 PagesWho Goes With Fergus This poem is about the dichotomy of the thinker and the actor. Yeats, in love with Maud Gonne, was the thinker, the courtly lover -- the one who would brood upon loves bitter mystery. Yeats was Mr. Nice Guy. Yet Yeats wanted to be the actor - the alpha male - the Fergus. Note the sexualized subtext that permeates the poem, who will pierce the deep woods woven shade? Who will drive with Fergus. Finally, we get the reasons to be the alpha male - the man of action, in theRead MoreStylistic Analysis10009 Words   |  41 Pages repetition in poems by D.H. Lawrence and H.W. Longfellow†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7-12 1.2. Lingvo-stylistic potential of D.H. Lawrence’s â€Å"Don’ts†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.12-14 1.3. The main stylistic-semantic features of H.W. Longfellow’s poem â€Å"The Song of Hiawatha† (Introduction)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...14-18 Chapter 2. Romantic and lyrical figure of Robert Burns†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦18 2.1. General stylistic features of R. Burns’s poem â€Å"My Heart’s in the Read MoreEssay on Something about Flann OBrien1787 Words   |  8 Pagesnearly every aspect of At Swim reflects upon the complexity of â€Å"Irishness†. Since the late nineteenth century up to the 1930s in which At Swim takes place, various strands of Irish Revivalism had been rebelling against the anglicization of the country with a heavy cultural impact. The Revivalist Movement, attempting to reclaim a pre-colonial Gaelic identity, energized the celebration of Irish myth and legend and became enormously popular. Running parallel to the Revivalist Movement was a similar

The Reflection Of A Mass Experience - 1450 Words

Mass Experiences For this assignment, I went to two Sunday masses, one on October 15 in the Founders Chapel at USD and one on October 22 at Sacred Heart Catholic Church in my hometown of Palm Desert, California. I highly enjoyed both of these masses and found them supplemental in my journey to better understand the Catholic religion through this class and my own personal discovery. The first mass that I went to, the one in Founders Chapel, was one that definitely demonstrated the inclusivity of the community that made one feel extremely welcome there. When I first walked into the chapel, I immediately noticed the high vaulted ceilings and the stained glass windows toward the top of the walls. I was also drawn to the large collective area†¦show more content†¦The second mass I attended at Sacred Heart Catholic Church was, in a word, interesting. About ten minutes after the service was supposed to start, one of the eucharistic ministers stood in front of the altar to inform us that we were waiting on a priest to show up so that mass could begin, meaning that in total, the mass started about twenty minutes later than usual. When the priest did arrive, he looked a tad flustered and was wearing sneakers, something I found to be quite amusing. Other than that, mass went on as usual, if not a little speedier. The congregation there is very much uniform, approximately 75% of the attendants are above the age of 60. The only other major demographic there was a small group of high schoolers who were there because 5:30 mass is a mandatory part of their confirmation class, the same class that I myself took a few years ago. Besides that, there were light sprinklings of families with young children, but they were separated from the rest of the congregation in the almost-soundproof cry room to reduce the noise within the actual church. While I do feel incredibly welcome there, after all, I’ve gone there my whole life, it’s hard to feel like I belong ther e when I almost never see people the same age as me. The readings at this mass were Isaiah 45: 1, 4-6, 1Show MoreRelatedMedia As the Mirror of Lebanese Culture1335 Words   |  5 Pagesmedia in general now, is to reflect experience, society and culture. That is what art history, and therefore media history are: the observation, categorization, and interpretation of artistic artifacts and media objects in regards to their design, construction, and content and how those things tell us about life at the time of the artifacts modernity. This is the general nature of media. Thus, reflection is indicative of media. Metaphorically, media is a reflection, but these days, the modern citizenRead MoreThe Principal Goals Of Education1226 Words   |  5 Pagesapplication. This learning forms a cycle and is characteristic of Kolb’s Experiential Learning Cycle but is also called Experience-Based learning. This experienced based learning (EBL) is reliant upon the learner being able to access memories of what they have done previously that gave them the concrete experience which led to the learning. Prior learning and the recognition of reflection in prior learning is at this stage crucial to the learner being able to move forward. It does require the learnerRead MoreJohn Locke s Theory On Modern Science1517 Words   |  7 Pagestheories on how knowledge is gained through the senses and how there are different kinds of experiences and ideas adds to, and justifies, the movement of modern science. Modern science is all about observing the natural world in order to understand and gain knowledge ab out what is going around us. I agree that humans do gain knowledge and form different kinds of ideas through our senses and different experiences. The reoccurring theme with John Locke’s theory on modern science is the idea of the sensesRead MoreThe Good Shepherd And Thomas Groome s Shared Christian Praxis1567 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent parables in the Bible and then physically demonstrating them with little figurines. Finally, liturgical work includes anything from setting up the altar to learning about the different actions and prayers the priest does and says during the mass, such as the Epiclesis. Ultimately, in the Atrium, children are directed to the liturgy, and they are able to slowly â€Å"enter into contact with the entire Christian community† through the combination of all of these works (Cavalletti, 60). This elementRead MoreOur Product Is The Clean Console And It Is An Organizer For A Car1661 Words   |  7 Pages Project Description The target audience we focused in on was a mass market (for people with cars), which includes a lot of people with a variety of interests. We chose this group for many reasons and we found it was the best group after we researched each market. I learned about both niche markets and mass markets and I found that I knew more about the groups of people that fell into mass markets. I looked more in depth into a mass market and focused my research on homeowners. I found that thereRead MoreCultural Technology And Its Effects On Society1262 Words   |  6 Pagestrials conducted in a laboratory. In comparison, cultural solutions to worldly topics tend to be inaccurate or simply lack sound logic. For example, culture may indicate that the sky is blue because of the reflection of the ocean, when in reality the sky is blue because of the sun’s reflection on scattered air molecules. Just as biology creates more equality between humans by bridging the gaps of the healthy and sick, culture seems to have done just the opposite. Ethan Watters adds onto this by expressingRead MoreDescribe Locke s Account Of Personal Identity933 Words   |  4 Pagesgeneral account of identity. The identity of living creatures â€Å"depends not on a mass of the same particles, but on something else† (Locke, 13). This is to say that our bodies are constantly changing and so is the substance that makes it. Before finding what personal identity consists of, it’s important to know what exactly a person is and according to Locke, a person is â€Å"a thinking intelligent being, that has reason and reflection, and can consider itself as itself, the same thinking thing, in differentRead MoreMy Experience Of Team Work1614 Words   |  7 PagesDescription In this report I will reflect upon my experience of team work both whilst on clinical placement and during my time at University demonstrating how my experiences will improve my future practice. I have chosen Gibbs reflective cycle (1988) as I find this model easily accessible and an effective form of reflection that fits my reflective style (See appendix one). Team work has been defined as a group of people sharing a common goal which can only be achieved by appropriateRead MoreAguero Sisters Cultural Identity1227 Words   |  5 Pagescalled home. In this context, Garcà ­a rewrites cultural identity as one that transcends borders and is further maintained through personal memory. Through her portrayal of the characters of Constancia Agà ¼ero and Reina Agà ¼ero, Garcà ­a captures the experience of those whose lives were changed through separation from their Cuban nation. While both of the Agà ¼ero sisters ultimately left Cuba at some point in their lives, both Constancia and Reina continued to embody their cultural identity while livingRead MoreMedia s Influence On Gender Relations And Sexuality1230 Words   |  5 Pagesthe dominant public view and mirrors the evolution of gender-related biases and stereotypes and views on sexuality. In the course of time, gender relations and sexuality evolved and changed and all these changes found their reflection in mass media (Bonvillain, 1995, 210). Mass media, in their turn, portrayed gender relations and sexuality according to the dominant cultural view on gender relations and sexuality. This is why it is possible to trace the evolution of those views through the analysis

Australian Immigration Law Visa Under Subclass

Question: Describe about the Report for Australian Immigration Law of Visa Under Subclass. Answer: To, The Minister for Immigration and Border Protection Re: Application for Waiver of Condition 8503 Dear Sir, This is to bring to your kind notice that my client, Sukhon Chaiprasit, a citizen of Thailand aged 25 years, seeks waiver of condition 8503 from his visitors visa which is to be expired in the coming few days. The reason why my client is seeking waiver of this visa is because he wants to apply for Class UB Medical Treatment Visa under subclass 602. It has been seen that Condition 8503 is a widely imposed condition on many Australian Visas. This condition is also referred to as No Further Stay Condition[1]. Existence of this condition on an applicants visa means that the person who is holding visa shall not be entitled to hold any other substantive visa except protection visa for the time he stays in Australia. Hence, this means that application of this condition on any visa prohibits an applicant from filing any other visa except protection visa until the time the person stays within the territory of Australia[2]. Ideally, condition 8503 is imposed on any of the following visas: Visitor Visa (Sub class 600), either sponsored family stream or approved destination stream Research or training visa (Subclass 402) for the development of the professional stream only Holiday and work visa if a person held two subclass visas earlier[3]. If the No Further Stay Condition is attached to the visa of any applicant then he has to leave Australia the moment his visa has expired and will have to apply for a fresh visa from his national[4]. Thus, condition 8503 prohibits a person from applying a new visa while staying in Australia at the expiry of his present visa. The person who holds visa subject to condition 8503 will have to leave Australia and apply for a fresh visa whether temporary or permanent in nature[5]. However, as per the Migration Regulation, 1994 under Regulation 2.05 (4) and under subsection 41 (2) (a) of the Migration Act 1958 certain criterion have been stated based on which the waiver of the condition may be sort[6]. According to Regulation 2.05 (4) of the Migration Regulation 1994, a person on whose visa condition 8503 is imposed, cannot apply for any other visa while he is staying in Australia unless he satisfies the existence of any of the circumstances, which in the opinion of the Department is sufficient enough to waive condition 8503. Additionally, the applicant will also have to satisfy that the Minister for waiving condition 8503 denied no prior application[7]. Hence, according to section 41 (2) (a) of the Migration Act, 1958, the authority of the Minister to grant waiver of condition 8503 depends on the existence of some of the circumstances which in the opinion of the Department is compassionate or compelling in nature or beyond the control of the visa holder. The situation may be of such a nature that it led to major change in the present circumstance of the visa holder[8]. In the case of my client, Sukhon Chaiprasit is eligible to obtain waiver of condition 8503 attached to her visa and she is qualified under exception Regulation 2.05 (4) of the Migration Regulation 1994 and subsection 41 (2) (a) of the Migration Act 1958[9]. Based on the following reasons, one may say that Sukhon Chaiprasit is eligible for waiver: Sukhon, while she stayed in Australia, was attacked by the CBD at the time she was returning from dinner. When this attack took place in Australia, she held visitor visa under sub class 600. As a result of the attack that took place, the doctor advised her to stay in Australia without travelling for at least for a period of 6 months. As per the requirement of her present health condition, she was told to visit the Australian hospital every 2 days for regular checkups. Crimes Compensation Tribunal was paying the expenses of her treatment. She was a prime witness of the incident that took place against her in Melbourne. It is evident from the facts stated above that the situation, which my client faced, was beyond her control and that she needs immediate extension of her visa. It is beyond the control of an ordinary intelligence to know that she will be attacked in Melbourne because of which she will go through unnecessary issues regarding her health and stay in Australia. Hence, in behalf of my client I would like to make a request to the Department to kindly waive the condition from her visa so that she is able to extend her stay in Australia. My client, Sukhon Chaiprasit, successfully satisfies the criteria, which is laid in the law of immigration in Australia and is therefore qualified for being granted waiver of condition 8503. After successful waiver of condition, 8503 she will be able to apply for Class UB Medical Treatment visa under subclass 602 based on her existing health condition. In my opinion, there is existence of compassionate and compelling situation for which the condition should be waived from her visa. My client had no control over the situations, which she had to go through in Australia. Additionally, the doctor has advised her not to travel for at least 6 months as her health condition is not good and she will have to visit the Australian hospital for regular check up after an interval of every 2 days. The physical condition of my client does not permit her to travel outside Australia so it becomes important for the Department to waive condition 8503 from her present visa. The Criminal Compensation Tri bunal was paying her for the injuries that she had to suffer in Melbourne. Hence, the Department cannot ignore the report of my client and rejection of his waiver may cause adverse effects on my clients health. Thus, it is an earnest request to the Department to use their discretionary power as laid in section 41 of the Migration Act 1958 and grant waiver of condition 8503 from the visa of my client. Additionally, to continue her stay in Australia my client also requires grant of visa subclass 602 as my client has qualified all the conditions needed for waiver of condition 8503 from the visa. Her situation is compelling or compassionate in nature that led to change in her existing circumstances. She has also not applied for any other waiver application in the past, which was rejected by the department. Hence, the Department should consider my clients present condition and accordingly waiver over condition 8503 should be removed from her visa. For the perusal of the Department, the report of the doctor is attached along with the given application. Thanking you. Yours Sincerely, Registered Immigration Officer 2: As per the Migration Act, 1958, section 48 deals with the prohibition of visa holders to apply for new visas in Australia. This prohibition is applicable on people who hold criminal justice visa, bridging visa or enforcement visa. In the case of Sukhon Chaiprasit, her application of visitor visa is invalid as Class FA, subclass 600 (tourist stream) has condition 8503 imposed on it and this does not meet the requirements of section 48 of the Migration Act 1958 of waiver. This means that that the no further stay condition, before applying for any other visa making her submission of visa under section 46 of the Migration Act 1958 is void[10]. According to Regulation 2.05 of the Migration Regulation 1994, the first step should be to write a submission to the Ministry for waiving the no further stay condition before applying for any other visa in Australia. In case, the waiver is denied then the application of bridging visa is permissible[11]. As per section 46 of the Migration Act, 1958, an application for visa is considered invalid when the visa applicant is in the migration zone since the time he or she has arrived in Australia. Additionally, the visa may also be deemed to be invalid if the applicant holds a visa having a condition imposed on it which the Minister denied waiver and a fresh application of visa cannot be held valid unless proper waiver is granted. In the case of Sukhon Chaiprasit, fresh application of visa was not valid, as she did not receive waiver of condition 8503 in the first attempt. This condition was attached to her visa of Class FA, subclass 600 (tourist stream). This condition imposed restriction on any person from applying any other visa while the visa applicant continues his stay in Australia. Since in this case, the waiver was denied hence application of any fresh visa becomes invalid. Additionally, Sukhon is subject to section 48 of the Migration Act, 1958, as she has the eligibility of presenting her case on grounds of compelling or compassionate reasons and hence she has eligibility of applying for waiver of condition 8503. 3: The code of conduct is mentioned as part of Schedule 2 of the Migration Act 1958[12]. According to this schedule, every migration officer in Australia has to comply with certain code of conduct that he or she needs to abide by. In the case of Sukhon, the breach of conduct that the former migration agent committed was that he failed to determine that the present visitor visa of Sukhon is subject to condition 8503, which should be waived first before application of a fresh visa in Australia. Thus, we may conclude that the migration agent violated section 2.1 of Code of Conduct for migration officer, which required to him to act in the best interest of the client that is to act in fairness and due diligence[13]. Hence, in the case of Sukhon it was implied that the migration agent would be aware of the rules as contained in section 46 of the Act as per which he was required to first write a submission to the Minister for waiving his condition 8503 before applying for fresh visa. According to section 2.5 of the Code of Conduct, a migration agent has the duty to take appropriate efforts to improvise knowledge about Migration Act in Australia. Since the migration agent of failed to keep himself updated about the migration rules he failed to comply with the duties of a migration agent[14]. Hence, it may be said that the migration agent of Sukhon failed to follow the standards as mentioned in the Code of Conduct of the Migration Rules. He failed to utilise his diligence and acted recklessly without bringing it to the knowledge of his client that the condition 8503 needs to be imposed from his visa first and then apply for a fresh visa. References: border.gov.au. last accessed. 6 Aug. 2016. Crossin, Patricia. Administration And Operation Of The Migration Act 1958. Canberra: Legal and Constitutional References Committee, 2006. Print. Humphrey, Michael. "Migration, security and insecurity."Journal of Intercultural Studies34.2 (2013): 178-195. Migration Act 1958. 1st ed. 2005: 46-49 last accessed 6 Aug. 2016. Migration Act 1958. 1st ed. Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, 2014: 64-103 Last accessed. 6 Aug. 2016. Migration Act 1958. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia, 2004. Print. Migration Regulations 1994. 1st ed. Legislative Drafting and Publishing, Attorney-Generals Departmen, 2012. Last accessed: 6 Aug. 2016. Murphy, Ken. Immigration. 13th ed. Sydney: Robert Wilson, 2014: 996-1000 last accessed 6 Aug. 2016. Ruddock, Philip. "Refugee Claims and Australian Migration Law: A Ministerial Perspective."UNSWLJ23 (2000): 1. Sackville, Ronald. "Judicial Review of Migration Decisions: An Institution in Peril."UNSWLJ23 (2000): 190. Williams, Janet and Michael Klapdor. Migration To Australia Since Federation. 1st ed. Australia: N.p., 2010: 13-14 Last accessed: 6 Aug. 2016.