Love in the Brain Essay -- Psychology Psychological Neurological Paper

Love in the Brain Does brain equal behavior? close to community have argued that they have worry saying it does because they find it hard to believe that our individual, tangible brain controls emotions that many consider to be intangible, such as being in have intercourse. This paper exit discuss the role that the brain actually plays in go to sleep- why we be attracted to certain people, why we feel the centering we do when we argon around them, and whether or not this is enough to say that in the case of love, brain does equal behavior. The first stage of romantic love begins with attraction. Whether you have been best friends for a capacious time or you just met the person, you begin your romantic relationship when there is that feeling of attraction. But why argon we attracted to some people and not to others? about re attempt and experimentation suggests that pheromones play a role in attraction ((1), (2), (3), (4)). Although the existence of pheromones in ma ns and the system by which individuals detect them is still infra debate and requires further research, a study by Stern and McClintock on pheromones in womens underarm secretion gives the around solid evidence for the existence of human pheromones ((5)). It has been hypothesized that the brain detects these pheromones through an organ known as the vomeronasal organ (VNO), by receptors, or by the terminal human face in the nostrils ((5)). Despite the fact that pheromones and how they are detected in humans is controversial, it has been suggested that selectivity for certain pheromones might explain why we are only attracted to certain people ((6)). Research agrees, however, that whether or not pheromones exist, they are not the only reason we are attracted to an individual. Other facto... ...ats in a name? Bioscience. July 1998 505-511.6) Love Chemistry fresh studies analyze loves effects http//abcnews.go.com/sections/science/DailyNews/love000707.html7) unification and Te mperament http//keirsey.com/pygmalion/couples.html8) What is chemistry and chemicals in love relationships http//www.cyberparent.com/love/chem1.htm9) Chemicals http//dubinserver.colorado.edu/prj/swef02/references.html10) Love in the Brain http//www.sensualism.com/love/11) BBC News- Health- How the brain registers love http//news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/820857.stm12) My search for love and wisdom in the brain by Marian Diamond http//www.newhorizons.org/neuro/diamond_wisdom.htm13) Bower, Bruce. Brain faces up to fear, social signs. erudition News. Dec 1994 406.14) Biology of Love http//www. key.es/primal/books/janov/biologyoflove.htm Love in the Brain Essay -- Psychology Psychological Neurological PaperLove in the Brain Does brain equal behavior? Some people have argued that they have difficulty saying it does because they find it hard to believe that our individual, tangible brain controls emotions that many consider to be intangible, such as being in love. This pa per will discuss the role that the brain actually plays in love- why we are attracted to certain people, why we feel the way we do when we are around them, and whether or not this is enough to say that in the case of love, brain does equal behavior. The first stage of romantic love begins with attraction. Whether you have been best friends for a long time or you just met the person, you begin your romantic relationship when there is that feeling of attraction. But why are we attracted to some people and not to others? Some research and experimentation suggests that pheromones play a role in attraction ((1), (2), (3), (4)). Although the existence of pheromones in humans and the method by which individuals detect them is still under debate and requires further research, a study by Stern and McClintock on pheromones in womens underarm secretion gives the most solid evidence for the existence of human pheromones ((5)). It has been hypothesized that the brain detects these pheromones through an organ known as the vomeronasal organ (VNO), by receptors, or by the terminal nerve in the nostrils ((5)). Despite the fact that pheromones and how they are detected in humans is controversial, it has been suggested that selectivity for certain pheromones might explain why we are only attracted to certain people ((6)). Research agrees, however, that whether or not pheromones exist, they are not the only reason we are attracted to an individual. Other facto... ...ats in a name? Bioscience. July 1998 505-511.6) Love Chemistry New studies analyze loves effects http//abcnews.go.com/sections/science/DailyNews/love000707.html7) Mating and Temperament http//keirsey.com/pygmalion/couples.html8) What is chemistry and chemicals in love relationships http//www.cyberparent.com/love/chem1.htm9) Chemicals http//dubinserver.colorado.edu/prj/swef02/references.html10) Love in the Brain http//www.sensualism.com/love/11) BBC News- Health- How the brain registers love http//news.bbc.co .uk/2/hi/health/820857.stm12) My search for love and wisdom in the brain by Marian Diamond http//www.newhorizons.org/neuro/diamond_wisdom.htm13) Bower, Bruce. Brain faces up to fear, social signs. Science News. Dec 1994 406.14) Biology of Love http//www.primal.es/primal/books/janov/biologyoflove.htm

Global Warming Essay -- Greenhouse Effect Climate Change

Global WarmingThe humanity is currently facing matchless of its biggest problems ever. Indeed, the Earth is warming and consequences might be devastating for the future generations. There is a general agreement among scientists that Earths climate is being affected by industrial society. Industry affects spherical climate by releasing greenhouse gases (GHGs). The most pregnant GHG is carbon dioxide (CO2). While somewhat GHGs occur naturally, others are released in the atmosphere by certain human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels, disforestation activities and some agricultural practices. These activities affect climate by increasing the so-called greenhouse effect. GHGs concentrate in the Earths atmosphere and trap heat by blocking some of the long-wave energy the Earth normally radiates back to space. The effect is weather and climate changes. The potential consequences include more extreme weather, dislocation of agricultural and commercial activities, expansion o f desert regions, a rise in sea levels, and damaged natural habitats and ecosystems. All of these threaten the natural capital that provides the economys resource base. Mankind pours more than 6 billion tons of carbon dioxide each year. If nothing is done, the total is expected to be 20 billion tons by 2050. Therefore, we must act now. Since the 1980s the global concern about climate change has been rising and politics have begun to address the issue through international co-operation. Nation states have set determined goals through the Kyoto protocol, but international regulation is not an easy thing and the structure that rules it is perhaps not well adapted for the issue of Climate Change. make up if the regulations are not yet finalised, some companies recognise business reasons to reduce GHG emissions, which go beyond the obvious concern of protecting the natural environment. The Gilette Company is one of those that have taken measures to use energy in an efficient manner.The first international conference on environment and development was the Rio Earth Summit in 1992, where the join Nations Framework Convention on climate Change (UNFCCC) was created. Today, 181 governments and the European Union (EU) are parties to the Convention. They meet regularly at the annual Conference of the Parties (COP), where they review the capital punishment of the Convention and continue talk... ...Web sites www.guardian.co.uk www.lemonde.fr www.sovereignty.net www.unfccc.org www.ipcc.ch www.bsr.org www.gilette.com (1998 Report on the Environment, Health and Safety)Books French, Hillary, 2000. Coping with ecological globalization (State of the world 2000) White, Brian Richard Little, and Michael Smith, 1997. Issues in World Politics, Chap. 11 Vogler, John. Environment and indwelling Resources. London MacMillan Press LtdArticles Elliot, Larry. After the failure of international nerve at The Hague, it is surely time to set up new global institutions. The Guardian, N ov. 29, 2000 ONeill Packard, K. and Reinhardt, F. What every executive require to know about Global Warming. Harvard Business Review, July-August 2000. pp. 129-135 On Thin Ice - Cold feet and hot air on Global Warming. World Press Review, February 2001- Petitjean, Gerard. The 21st deoxycytidine monophosphate Hot, Hot, Hot. Le Nouvel Observateur, Paris, France, Nov. 23, 2000.- Radford, Tim. A Grim Picture. The Guardian, London, England, Nov. 15, 2000.- Joku, Harlyne. Sea Levels Rising. Gemini News Service, London, England, Nov. 3, 2000.

The rate at which Alka-Seltzer tablets reacts with water Essay examples

The range at which Alka-Seltzer tablets reacts with body of waterStatement of problemThe aim of the experimentation is to find out the rate at whichAlka-Seltzer tablets react with water. The input variable that I willchange is temperature. The output variable will be noticed by thetime it takes for the Alka-Seltzer tablets to dissolve.Input variablesIn this experiment there are two main factors that can affect the rateof the reaction. These key factors can change the rate of the reactionby either change magnitude it or decreasing it. These were considered andcontrolled so that they did not disrupt the success of the experiment.Temperature- As the temperature increases, the blendments of moleculesalso increase. This is the kinetic theory. When the temperature isincreased the particles gain more energy and therefore move aroundfaster. This gives the particles more of a chance with other particlesand with more force.The increase in temperature will therefore increase the rate ofr eaction.As this is the variable I am measuring I will not keep the temperatureconstant and therefore I will be varying it.Volume of water- if the pile of the water is increased there is morelikelihood that there will be more collisions. This is because thereare more water molecules in a effrontery volume to react with theAlka-Seltzer tablets. However if there are sufficient water moleculesto occupy the Alka-Seltzer tablets an increase in the water moleculeswill not alter the rate of the reaction. This is because theAlka-Seltzer tablets are already working as fast as they can to reactwith the water.The concentration can be increased by increasing the volume of thewater use in the reaction to dissolve the Alka-Seltzer tablets in.To control the... ... different from what it should be. To solvethis problem a thermostatic water bath could be used as statedabove.* If the stop watch was stopped to early or late, again the overallreading would not be as accurate as it could have been.* I t was almost impossible to tell when the Alka-Seltzer tablet haddissolved, each time the experiment was done. This was a hugeproblem for the experiment as this could have all causedproblems to the experiment. A special type of detector apparatus,which bleeped when the correct amount of Alka-Seltzer tabletdissolved, could improve this, each time the experiment was done.This would give us an extra measure of accuracy each time.Another way to improve the experiment and to produce consistentreadings was to used distilled water. This is because the distilledwater contains no impurities and therefore no hardness in water.

Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual issues - HIV Positive Children Must be Allowed t

HIV arrogant Children Must be Allowed to Attend aimDo you remember when Ryan White tried to image in the public eye(predicate) school in the 80s? Remember the media blitz and all told the panic of the community? Parents and teachers were afraid to let HIV+ children attend public school. There was a timidity that children with AIDS would somehow infect their healthy classmates. The virtue is, AIDS is a disease which is not transmitted by casual contact. Normal play and interaction with HIV+ children is no threat to healthy children. So in recent years, fears stir subsided and the policies of many school districts puzzle changed. In Oklahoma for example, the Putnam metropolis School District now allows HIV+ children to attend its schools. As a result of the Districts decision, the bulk involved in the schools are reaping life-enriching benefits. First of all, the healthy children who attend Putnam City schools experience signifi flowerpott benefits by routinely interacting w ith classmates who have AIDS. Perhaps the most important benefit healthy children gain is they learn to fear the disease itself, not persons afflicted with it. Healthy children soon realize they can not only talk to but also study beside and even play with their AIDS give classmates without fear. On the other hand, they clearly learn to fear the disease itself, for children who are friends with HIV+ children watch their friends slowly die. Christys experience with her friend, tick off, is a typical example. Christy had known Mark since they were in kindergarten. Mark was a hemophiliac who had undertake AIDS at the age of seven via the clotting factor medication he had to take for his condition. When he was 11, Mark developed full-blown AIDS, and AIDS claimed him when he was only 15. Christ... ... and they are included in social activities beyond the school environment, such as release to the mall, the movies, and restaurants. These opportunities help the AIDS infected young ha tful enjoy a happier life, even if it is tragically short. It is unquestionable that Putnam City School Districts policy of allowing HIV+ children to attend their schools has benefited all involved. First, parents fears that their healthy children would be in wakeless danger from casual contact with AIDS infected children have been proven false. Second, healthy children have gained a respectful fear of a deadly disease, a wisdom they probably would not have gained had they just been isolated from the horrors of AIDS. And finally, HIV+ children have taught their peers and adults alike that it is people who count, that all people need friends, and that all have the right to be educated. Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual issues - HIV Positive Children Must be Allowed tHIV Positive Children Must be Allowed to Attend SchoolDo you remember when Ryan White tried to attend public school in the 80s? Remember the media blitz and all the panic of the community? Parents and teachers were a fraid to let HIV+ children attend public school. There was a fear that children with AIDS would somehow infect their healthy classmates. The truth is, AIDS is a disease which is not transmitted by casual contact. Normal play and interaction with HIV+ children is no threat to healthy children. So in recent years, fears have subsided and the policies of many school districts have changed. In Oklahoma for example, the Putnam City School District now allows HIV+ children to attend its schools. As a result of the Districts decision, the people involved in the schools are reaping life-enriching benefits. First of all, the healthy children who attend Putnam City schools experience significant benefits by routinely interacting with classmates who have AIDS. Perhaps the most important benefit healthy children gain is they learn to fear the disease itself, not persons afflicted with it. Healthy children soon realize they can not only talk to but also study beside and even play with their AIDS infected classmates without fear. On the other hand, they clearly learn to fear the disease itself, for children who are friends with HIV+ children watch their friends slowly die. Christys experience with her friend, Mark, is a typical example. Christy had known Mark since they were in kindergarten. Mark was a hemophiliac who had contracted AIDS at the age of seven via the clotting factor medication he had to take for his condition. When he was 11, Mark developed full-blown AIDS, and AIDS claimed him when he was only 15. Christ... ... and they are included in social activities beyond the school environment, such as going to the mall, the movies, and restaurants. These opportunities help the AIDS infected young people enjoy a happier life, even if it is tragically short. It is unquestionable that Putnam City School Districts policy of allowing HIV+ children to attend their schools has benefited all involved. First, parents fears that their healthy children would be in grave danger from casual contact with AIDS infected children have been proven false. Second, healthy children have gained a respectful fear of a deadly disease, a wisdom they probably would not have gained had they just been isolated from the horrors of AIDS. And finally, HIV+ children have taught their peers and adults alike that it is people who count, that all people need friends, and that all have the right to be educated.

Robert Louis Stevensons Dr. Jekyll and Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Ess

Robert Louis Stevensons Dr. Jekyll and Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Both Robert Louis Stevensons Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and Mary Shelleys Frankenstein tell cautionary tales of scientists abusing their creative powers to exist in another sphere where they cannot be directly unsaved for their actions. Though Frankensteins creation is a Creature distinct from his creator while Dr. Jekyll metamorphoses into Mr. Hyde, the double of each protagonist progressively grows more violent throughout his story. By doing so he symbolizes his creators repressed desires in a stifling society. The stories have parallel structures in the three main ways. First, some(prenominal) Dr. Jekyll and Frankenstein are scientists who, though welcomed by society, find it constraining and often alienate themselves. Each creates an alter ego for himself to live out his liberated passions, Hyde for Jekyll and the Creature for Frankenstein. Jekyll creates his with intention for evil and Frankenstein with the ide a of building a supreme being. However, it could be argued that Frankenstein unconsciously wishes his creation to commit acts of sin. Hydes and Frankensteins first victims are children. They each evolve over time and develop their violent tendencies, culminating in the murder of a well-esteemed military man for Hyde and Frankensteins family and friends. The first mention of Dr. Jekyll comes in a discussion between his longtime friends, Lanyon and Utterson, men whose names imply a traditional, hampered society. Utterson combines both utter, connoting a squelched speech, with son, defining the societys patriarchal structure, and Lanyon casts images of sprawling canyons that are noticeably absent in the gray, foggy London Stevenson depicts. La... ...sire for a new society. Hyde and the Creatures plights follow analogous paths, but their motives seem somewhat different. Jekyll invented Hyde for a dive in which he could transport himself and put on display his evil psyche. Frankenste in assembled the Creature as an ber-man of sorts, a prototype of a better society. Frankenstein was published in 1818, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde in 1886. Perhaps Stevensons book marks the end of Romanticism as a viable literary style in modern times. Though Frankensteins evil hides is veiled by guilt and a seemingly upstanding society position, Jekylls is visibly apparent. Frankenstein is a shaded man with no clear dividing line, whereas Jekyll is a black-and-white character with a subset of colors inside his dichotomies. Stevenson, drawing on Shelleys story, reflected both a new literary movement and a new psychological study.

Robert Louis Stevensons Dr. Jekyll and Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Ess

Robert Louis Stevensons Dr. Jekyll and Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Both Robert Louis Stevensons Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and Mary Shelleys Frankenstein tell cautionary tales of scientists abusing their creative powers to exist in another theater where they cannot be directly blamed for their actions. Though Frankensteins creation is a Creature distinct from his creator while Dr. Jekyll metamorphoses into Mr. Hyde, the double of each protagonist progressively grows more violent throughout his story. By doing so he symbolizes his creators repressed desires in a stifling high society. The stories have parallel structures in the three main ways. First, both Dr. Jekyll and Frankenstein are scientists who, though welcomed by society, find it constraining and often alienate themselves. Each creates an alter ego for himself to live out his liberated passions, Hyde for Jekyll and the Creature for Frankenstein. Jekyll creates his with heading for aversion and Frankenstein with the idea of building a supreme being. However, it could be argued that Frankenstein unconsciously wishes his creation to commit acts of sin. Hydes and Frankensteins first victims are children. They each evolve over magazine and develop their violent tendencies, culminating in the murder of a well-esteemed man for Hyde and Frankensteins family and friends. The first mention of Dr. Jekyll comes in a discussion between his longtime friends, Lanyon and Utterson, men whose names imply a traditional, hampered society. Utterson combines both utter, connoting a squelched speech, with son, defining the societys patriarchal structure, and Lanyon casts images of sprawling canyons that are noticeably absent in the gray, foggy London Stevenson depicts. La... ...sire for a new society. Hyde and the Creatures plights follow similar paths, but their motives seem somewhat different. Jekyll invented Hyde for a dive in which he could transport himself and put on display his evil psyche. Frankenstein assemble d the Creature as an ber-man of sorts, a prototype of a better society. Frankenstein was published in 1818, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde in 1886. Perhaps Stevensons book marks the end of Romanticism as a viable literary style in modern times. Though Frankensteins evil hides is veiled by guilt and a seemingly upstanding society position, Jekylls is visibly apparent. Frankenstein is a shaded man with no clear dividing line, whereas Jekyll is a black-and-white character with a subset of colors inside his dichotomies. Stevenson, drawing on Shelleys story, reflected both a new literary movement and a new psychological study.

Pro Genetically Modified Foods Essay

We must demand science to make medicine. All of us have been to the doctor to get medicine at least once in their lives. Think about how many people would die each year if it werent for modern day medicine a lot, right? So its safe to say that some of us trust in medicine however not the science of genetically modifying foods? Believe it or not, genetically modifying foods has been around for thousands of years. About 8,000 years ago, for example, farmers in Central America crossed two sportswoman strains of a weedy-looking plant called Balsas teosinte and produced the first corn on the cob. (http//www. pbs. org/wgbh/harvest/engineer/) Without GM foods, farmers would be using more pesticides to keep their crops fresh. Scientists have created pest insubordinate plants that require fewer pesticides and grow faster. Along with being more cost efficient for farmers, the farmers use of fewer pesticides has been thought to be safer for consumers and for the milieu. How is the environm ent affected by pesticides? After the rain comes and washes all the pesticides on the crops away the chemicals run off into the ground water and the water becomes contaminated.Then the animals of the surrounding sports stadium consume the water and then become sick and eventually die. If corn were not genetically modified, many crops would die as a result of pests and scant(p) resiliency to changes in the weather. One of the biggest pathogens for corn is said to be the European corn borer. Because this insect subsides inside of the corn husk, pesticides do little to fix the issue. As a result of reduced production of corn, produce prices would become inflated and many people could no longer afford to buy it.

Empty Promises Essay

The article I chose is called Empty Promises, Empty Cradles. This case involves fake adoptions. A family is promised a child, and when the time comes, there is no child presentn to the family. Shockingly enough, there were no children to begin with. The women who promised their unborn children to the people, who were interested in adopting, were non up to now pregnant. At least sestet couples in the Midwest were victimized by this adoption fraud scheme.For example, in a Florida case a woman contacted oer a dozen victims through a forum/ Internet site for people who were looking to adopt a child, and posted that she knew a women who was about to give birth. All she asked of the adopting victims was either small administrative fees or for silver to help with the birth mothers expenses. The victims obviously paid money for what they thought was going to go the birth mother, but in reality, there was no birth mother, and the money was pocketed.In another case that took place in Indi ana, Victoria Farahan contacted the director of a local adoption ministry and said she could provide newborns from a hospital in Moscow, Russia. She went as far as providing pictures of these babies, but it turns out that the pictures were of her own children. She eventually cheated six couples out of a total of $97,500.The types of white collar crime that was committed was wire fraud and mail fraud. The wire fraud was used to wire the money to the people who were committing the crime, and the mail fraud was used to post the information online and to help find the victims. The victims of this crime were all the women who thought they were going to receive a baby. non only was it the women, but it was also their families. Some of these women took off work for maternity leave, while others moved into bigger homes in order to give, what they thought was going to be their child, a better and bigger home to live in. It really is a shame, because some of these women were not able to have children due to being infertile. To want a child your entire life, and not be able to have one is very depressing. Adopting a child was the only hopefor the women in this situation. And they were let buck yet again, but this time, their money was taken away from them.This article that I found does not talk about the outcome of the case, meaning the charges are not stated. I do believe this is a severe crime. Some of the victims went as far as decorating a nursery and others even bought a new house. That money did not need to spent, so not only are they out of money from the fraud, but on top of that, they are down money for acquire prepared for their child. I truly feel for all of the people who were victims of this case. Some people will do anything for money and not completely understand the consequences. I feel as though the money should be returned to every family that supplied the criminal with money, and the criminal should do jail time.

Music Appreciation Essay

Something new made me genuinely motivated today to come off an extraordinary piece of music. Actu solelyy this my first magazine reviewing or even talking about piece from that style of music. Today, I am going to deliver very nice piece of music for all my classmates in the musoc appriceation class, and this piece call Symphony No. 5 for one of greatist musicians and composers in the entire universe, who is van van Beethoven .Usually , my favorite style of music is that kind of light music that expresses happiness and how good is the life, but this time, I left this track moving to other style. Beethoven 5th symphony is piece of music refers to the classic period, and its composer Beethoven was one of the most important composers on that era. The 5th symphony has all the charcteristics that all music in the classic period had. Very simple notes could expresses very hard feelings that beethoven felt during his life.Beethoven started this piece with repeated canonic motive fol lowed by suden, and powerful notes that can attract the audiance get intersting to listen to it. Strings played very important role on the attractive cornerstone of the symphony. After that, the orchestera playes very quick and repeatative notes, and right after beethoven changed that high pitch to lower pitch. That change of the pitch and the texture gave this piece a antithetic taste from the other pieces of music.Although the 5th Symphony is considered one of Beethovens greatest musical comedy works because it was very good example to express Beethoven life. Understanding this piece of music will give fears feeling to anyone listen to it. I believe that Beethoven 5th symphony became very succesful and famous piece of music because it was expressing a real feeling associated with its composer.In my opinion , Beethoven felt each note he wrote on this music, and that was primer who made this music very touchy to everyone listen to it. I personally felt this piece of music since I heard it on my first time in the music appriceation class. When I first heard this piece, I felt as it was playing just for me to express what I feel, so Beethoven succes was on this point, which is write notes express many peoples sad feelings.In summary, the reason for the great fame and popularity of this Symphony is that it distills so much of Beethovens musical style. One feature is its organicism, the fact that all four movements seem to grow from seeds sown in the opening measures. While Beethoven used the distinctive syncopated figure of three shorts and a long in other works from this time, so I encourage everyone to listen to at http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=_4IRMYuE1hI.Works CitedBeethoven. http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=_4IRMYuE1hI

Apa System

Referencing using the APA (American Psychological Association) style About this pick The APA style offset 1 In-text Citations bring out 2 Collating a p arentence list A sample reference list in APA style Further checking Printable copy of this resource (75 KB) About this resource This resource explains some of the more(prenominal) than common applications of the APA style. It is based on the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed. ) (2010), pp. 169224.You should always ticktack your unit guide and/or with academic staff (unit chair, lecturer or tutor) to make sure that this is the advance referencing style for your unit. You must reference all worldly you role from all sources and acknowledge your sources in the body of your paper all(prenominal) fourth dimension you determination a fact, a conclusion, an idea or a conclusion from someones civilize. This establishes the designerity of your work and acknowledges the researchers and writers you have drawn upon in your paper. It is necessary to abduce your sources each time you reproduce an pens exact articulates (quote), that is, copy enunciate for word directly from a text.A scallywag number must be disposed(p). use your own wording (summarise or paraphrase) to explain or discuss what someone has said. You argon encouraged to provide page numbers. If you copy an entire table, chart, diagram or graph or if you take except some of the data contained in much(prenominal) sources, you must provide a reference. Sources such as journals, books, encyclopedias, computer programs and software, information from the internet, reports, newspapers, interviews, radio and television must be mobilised in the body of your paper and slender in a reference list at the end. Information from Deakin study guides and readers must also be acknowledged.The APA style The APA style of referencing consists of two elements (1) in-text citations giving author, course and somet imes page number in the body of the paper (2) a reference list at the end of the paper providing the complete details for each in-text citation. Part 1 of this resource deals with in-text citations. Part 2 of this resource shows how to present the related reference list entries for the in-text citations. Part 1 In-text Citations One author When you refer to a single author, entangle the authors family name and social class of publication, using one of the forms shown here.Clay (2003) argues that having a planned approach to writing essays can be of great benefit. or Essay writing can be made much more manageable if a planned approach is taken (Clay, 2003). For citing an author or authors more than once in any one split, see instructions under double up citations of a study within one paragraph. Multiple authors For two authors, include the family name of both authors and year as required. According to Antonakos and Kazanis (2003) there are advantages to keeping form and researc h methods simple. or There are advantages to keeping design and research methods simple (Antonakos & Kazanis, 2003).Use and when family names are outside parentheses use & when family names are inside parentheses. In the case of three, four or five authors, come to all authors the first time, so in subsequent citations of this work use the family name of the first author plus et al. and the year as required. Gagliardi, Frederickson and Shanley (2002) argue that in order to provide consistent guardianship, healthcare professionals often face the dilemma of finding similarities in patient responses to illness while at the resembling time respecting the uniqueness of each individual patient.However, despite any apparent similarities in symptoms or limitations, Gagliardi et al. contend all patients should be treated differently. Furthermore, according to the Roy Adaptation baffle (Roy & Andrews, 1999), nurses need to make comprehensive assessments of each patient. After the first citation of an author or authors in the narration (i. e. the authors name does not appear in parentheses), you need cite only the family names/s in the same(p) paragraph (i. e. no date required). For six or more authors use only the family name of the first author plus et al. in all citations including the first. Use date as appropriate.Mahon et al. (1997) reviewed how nursing diagnosis content is presented in nursing textbooks. Repeat citations of a study within one paragraph In any one paragraph, if you cite an author/s more than once in the narrative (i. e. the authors name does not appear in parentheses), include family name/s and year the first time. In subsequent citations in the narrative in the same paragraph you need to cite only the family name/s, provided studies cannot be confuse. According to Savage (2004) little attention has been assumption to the way a nurse baron depict and . Savage argues that in an environment of evidence-based practice In discussing ways of researching emotion, Savage (2004) highlights the importance of When the name of the author/s and year are in parentheses in any one paragraph, the year is included in subsequent citations. Little attention has been devoted to the way a nurse might identify and (Savage, 2004). Savage (2004) argues that in an environment of evidence-based practice Secondary source Sometimes you read one author (secondary) who cites another (primary). In the example that follows, you have read Savage who referred to a publication by Lupton, but you did not read Lupton yourself.Lupton (as cited in Savage, 2004) distinguishes between emotional labour and emotional work. subscriber line The debut in the reference list is under Savage. Article or chapter in an edited book An edited book is one that consists of chapters or articles written by different authors. You need to acknowledge the author of the chapter or article you used. This author is cited in text (that is, in the body of the paper) in the same way as for one or more authors. In the example that follows, Naidoo has written a chapter in a book edited by Thorogood and Coombes. In the body of your date cite only Naidoo.Naidoo (2000) claims that risk factor simulation models Note The entry in the reference list gives full details of the publication. Under the name of the author (Naidoo) you need to give the details of the chapter you read plus the details of the book. Group or organisation as author Where the author is a government agency, association, merged body or the like, which has a familiar or easily understandable acronym, it is cited as follows Obesity in Australian men and women increased during the 1980s (National health and medical examination investigate Council NHMRC , 1997). A single cause for obesity . . ( NHMRC , 1997). Note The entry in the reference list is under National Health and Medical Research Council. No author name provided If no author is designated, cite the first few words of the surn ame, and the year. Full title details are provided in the reference list entry. Studies suggest that many IVF couples would donate excess embryos to scientific research ( conceptus study, 2004). Use double quotation marks around the title of an article or chapter. Use italics and no quotation marks in text for the title of a periodical, book, brochure or report with no author.Two or more publications by the same author in the same year If an author has published two or more works in the same year, a lower case garners a,b,c and so forth are used after the date to distinguish between them. Letters are appoint according to the alphabetic order of the title. According to McDonald (2007c) McDonald (2007a) first suggested However it has also been noted that (McDonald, 2007b). No year of publication provided If there no year is given for a source, use n. d. (which stands for no date) after the authors name. In a detailed analysis, Jones (n. . ) argues Personal communication Personal communications can include letters, emails, private interviews, recall conversations and the like. Cite personal communications in text only they are not included in a reference list. J. Robinson (personal communication, May 11, 2010) indicated (L. Frazer, Manager, Heathville Community Centre, personal communication, June 4, 2009) Electronic sources The principles for in-text citation of print sources also apply to electronic sources. All electronic sources should therefore be cited according to the name of the author/s.As for print sources, cite by title if there is no author. Many online articles are pdf files, i. e. copies of print documents, so they usually indicate page numbers. Use these page numbers when you cite information from such sources. Some articles are not pdf files and do not have page numbers. In these cases use paragraph numbers, if these are provided. Smith (2003, para. 3) claims If paragraph numbers are not provided and the document includes headings, use these headings and count the number of paragraphs. Smith (2003, Conclusion section, para. 3) claims QuotesShort quotes (fewer than 40 words) should run on as part of your excoriate with double quotation marks to signal where the quote starts and finishes. The page where the quote comes from must be included. Clay (2003) argues that students experience writers block because they have not given sufficient thought to reviewing course content and exploitation their ideas (p. 47).. Alternatively, Students experience writers block because they have not given sufficient thought to reviewing course content and developing their ideas (Clay, 2003, p. 47). Long quotes, known as block quotes (more than 40 words) should start on a new line be indented about 5 spaces from the left overstep margin be double spaced omit quotation marks. For example An important stage in assignment writing is planning. Clay (2003) comments that Some students are tempted to plunge into writing their assignment , beginning with the introduction but soon find that they experience writers block and cannot decide what to write next. The problem occurs because they have not given sufficient thought to reviewing course content and developing their ideas about relating the theory to their practice. (p. 47) There are a variety of ways that students can plan Part 2 Collating a reference list An important purpose of the reference list is to enable readers to locate sources. Therefore details must be correct and complete. Each in-text citation and the related reference list entry should be identical in spelling and year. A work is listed only once in the reference list, regardless of how many times it is cited in text. Works not cited in the text should not appear in the reference list. In roll up your APA reference list, you should list references on a new page with a centred heading titled References include books, journal articles, online sources etc. n one alphabetic listing order entries al phabetically by family name of author/s list works with no author under the first significant word of the title indent second and subsequent lines of each entry (5-7 spaces) use double spacing. Some examples follow others can be found at www. apastyle. org Note The examples are separated and placed under subheadings here to show each form. In a reference list, however, they would be all together in alphabetical order with no subheadings. Book Author, A. , & Author, B. (year). human activity of book. City Publisher.Capitalise only the first letter of the first word of a book title and any prudish nouns. The first letter of the sub-title (if any) is capitalised also. Example Crawford, P. , Brown, B. , & Nolan, P. (1998). Communicating care The language of nursing. Cheltenham Stanley Thornes. Chapter or article in an edited book Author, A. , & Author, B. (year). Title of chapter. In C. Editor, & D. Editor (Eds. ), Title of book (pp. xxxx). City Publisher. Capitalise only the first letter of the first word of an article or chapter title, and any proper nouns. Example Naidoo, B. (2000).Evaluating the use of public health risk factor simulation models. In M. Thorogood, & Y. Coombes (Eds. ), Evaluating health promotion Practice and methods (pp. 99109). Oxford Oxford University Press. Book, online Author, A. , & Author, B. (year). Title of book. details about the format if available. Retrieved from web cut through or doi If a digital object identifier DOI is provided then it should be given if no DOI is available then the web address or uniform resource locator URL, should be given. Date of retrieval is not required. Example Munsterberg, H. (1916).The photoplay A psychological study. Retrieved from http//www. gutenberg. org/files/15383/15383-8. txt Journal article Author, A. , & Author, B. (year). Title of article. Title of Journal, sight number(issue number), page numbers. The issue number should be indicated only if each issue of a journal begins on page 1. Capitalise only the first letter of the first word of an article title and subtitle, and any proper nouns. Capitalise the first letter of every main word in the journal title. imply a digital object identifier (DOI) if provided. Examples Antonakos, C. L. , & Kazanis, A. S. (2003).Research process in the health sciences A focus on methods. Research and Theory for nurse Practice, 17, 257264. Clay, G. (2003). Assignment writing skills. Nursing Standard, 17(20), 4752. Journal article, online Author, A. (year). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number (issue number), page numbers. doi or Retrieved from web address If a digital object identifier DOI is provided then it should be given if no DOI is available then the home page web address of the journal, or uniform resource locator URL, should be given. Date of retrieval is not required. Examples Ekwall, A. , Gerdtz, M. Manias, E. (2008). The influence of patient acuity on satisfaction with emergency care perspectives of fami ly, friends and carers. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17, 800809. doi10. 1111/j. 1365-2702. 2007. 02052. x Midford, R. (2005). Australia and alcoholic beverage Living down the legend. Addiction, 100, 891896. Retrieved from http//www. addictionjournal. org/ Newspaper article Author, A. (year, month day). Title of article. Title of Newspaper, p. x. Example Wroe, D. (2004, June 24). capital of Australia enlists GPs in war on smoking. The Age, p. 3. Newspaper article, no author Title of article. (year, month day).Title of Newspaper, p. x. Example Embryo study nod, OK say IVF couples. (2004, May 31). Herald Sun, p. 10. Newspaper article, online Author, A. (year, month day). Title of article. Title of Newspaper. Retrieved from home page web address Example Nader, C. (2009, June 19). Mental health issues soar among children. The Age. Retrieved from http//www. theage. com. au/ Group or organisation as author Organisation Name. (Year). Details of the work as appropriate to its form. When the author and publisher are the same, use the word Author as the name of the publisher. Example Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2007). Migration Australia, 2005-06 (Cat. No. 3412. 0). CanberraAuthor. Retrieved from http//www. ausstats. abs. gov. au/ausstats /subscriber. nsf/0/E0A79B147EA8E0B5CA2572AC001813E8/$File/34120_2005-06. pdf Up to seven authors Author, A. , Author, B. , Author, C. , Author, D. , Author, E. , Author, F. , & Author, G. (year). Details of the work as appropriate to its form. Provide family names and initials of all authors. Eight or more authors Author, A. , Author, B. , Author, C. , Author, D. , Author, E. , Author, F. , & Author, M. (year). Details of the work as appropriate to its form.Provide family names and initials of the first six authors followed by three ellipses points and the last authors family name and initial. Web page Author, A. , (year). Title of page. Retrieved Month, day, year from web address The title of a web page is not italicised. Retriev al date is given if it is believed the information could change over time. Example Diabetes Australia. (2010). gestational diabetes. Retrieved July 22, 2010 from http//www. diabetesaustralia. com. au/Understanding-Diabetes/What-is-Diabetes /Gestational-Diabetes-/ A sample reference list in APA style References Antonakos, C.L. , & Kazanis, A. S. (2003). Research process in the health sciences A focus on methods. Research and Theory for Nursing Practice, 17, 257264. Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2007). Migration Australia, 2005-06 (Cat. No. 3412. 0). Canberra Author. Retrieved from http//www. ausstats. abs. gov. au/ausstats/subscriber. nsf /0/E0A79B147EA8E0B5CA2572AC001813E8/$File/34120_2005-06. pdf Clay, G. (2003). Assignment writing skills. Nursing Standard, 17(20), 4752. Crawford, P. , Brown, B. , & Nolan, P. (1998). Communicating care The language of nursing. Cheltenham StanleyThornes. Diabetes Australia. 2010). Gestational diabetes. Retrieved July 22, 2010 from http//www. dia betesaustralia. com. au/Understanding-Diabetes/What-is-Diabetes /Gestational-Diabetes-/ Ekwall, A. , Gerdtz, M. & Manias, E. (2008). The influence of patient acuity on satisfaction with emergency careperspectives of family, friends and carers. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17, 800809. doi10. 1111/j. 1365-2702. 2007. 02052. x Embryo study nod, OK say IVF couples. (2004, May 31). Herald Sun, p. 10. Midford, R. (2005). Australia and alcohol Living down the legend. Addiction, 100, 891-896. Retrieved from http//www. ddictionjournal. org/ Munsterberg, H. (1916). The photoplay A psychological study. Retrieved from http//www. gutenberg. org/files/15383/15383-8. txt Nader, C. (2009, June 19). Mental health issues soar among children. The Age. Retrieved from http//www. theage. com. au/ Naidoo, B. (2000). Evaluating the use of public health risk factor simulation models. In M. Thorogood & Y. Coombes (Eds. ), Evaluating health promotion Practice and methods (pp. 99109). Oxford Oxford University Press. Northern Territory Department of Justice. (2007). Step forrader Getting help about sexual violence.Retrieved from http//www. nt. gov. au/justice/documents/stepforward. pdf Wroe, D. (2004, June 24). Canberra enlists GPs in war on smoking. The Age, p. 3. Further reading Details of all referencing styles used at Deakin can be accessed at www. deakin. edu. au/referencing and in printed form from the Division of Student Life. Burton L. J. (2010). An interactive approach to writing essays and research reports in psychology (3rd ed. ). Milton, Qld John Wiley & Sons. Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed. ). (2010). Washington, DC American Psychological Association.

London prepares for the Olympics

The photograph on the sheet was taken in early 2009 and presents a snapshot of the major development under way in preparation for the 2012 London prodigiouss.In the foreground one can see Stratford east rail line station where key institutionalise developments are taking place. In the background are a number of Olympic construction projects, including the Westfield Shopping Mall.In the past, the land shown in the photograph apply to be mainly scurvy industrial units, fascinate depots and railway sidings. It was relatively low-value land, which is one of the reasons that this site was chosen for the Olympics. The owners of the various industrial units have received support and compensation to enable them to move elsewhere.1. What is the evidence that major redevelopments are taking place?It is evident that there is construction going on in the sweep, this can be seen particularly from the machinery only also because-the Westfield Shopping Mall can be seen in the background, smooth under construction. There are lots of buildings which can be seen in the background.-there is a large sign which says Everyones London 2012 which suggests that the developments taking place are on a large scale to attract large amounts of people.2. The development at the railway station is part of an overall plan to provide a top quality public transport infrastructure for the Olympic Games. What are the earns of this approach to transport management?-Well, the Olympic Games by nature are going to attract large amounts of people to come, and this is financially rewarding. However, public transport infrastructure must be carefully taken into consideration, because no matter how amazing the Olympic Games are, if people cannot reach there, then it may end up being a braggart(a) problem (for model financially, if many people do not even bother to purchase tickets to attend the Olympic Games, as the destination is not accessible.-well fancy out infrastructure is convenient for people when travelling.-Also, regarding long term benefits, it means that to a greater extent people in the local realm can travel afterward the Olympic Games to work in other areas (perhaps secure jobs with higher incomes).-the episodic workers on the Olympic Site can travel there conveniently. The main benefit is that it will help to ensure the public gets to the venues in time and in some degree of comfort.3. Notice that there is a slogan in the photograph, albeit part obscured that reads Everyones London 2012.A) What do you think is meant by this slogan?It means that all these developments which are taking place for the Olympic Games, when finished are for everyone to enjoy and experience, for example not just the athletes and tourist, but local people as well.Basically, the ambition of everyones 2012 is to inspire people of all ability, belief, postcode, and colour to participate fully in the Games and it extends removed beyond London and late summer 2012.B) How will the local community benefit from the building work taking place in preparation for the Olympics?-the area is hoped to be regenerated socially, economically and environmentally.-the sporting facilities can be used by the community this can promote a healthy lifestyle in an area with high levels of obesity.-the community can enjoy more entertainment/recreation facilities such as the Westfield Shopping Mall.-improvements in transport infrastructure have the virtually long term benefits as local people can benefit from its convenience, also it means that local people could travel to other areas for job opportunities.-lots of temporary jobs will be needed, especially in the construction industry, so local peoples skills can be used, and local people can be trained as well (e.g. apprenticeships). Boosting social and economic prospects in Stratford and the Lower Lee Valley, an area of high unemployment and deprivation. Bringing about the transformation of largely derelict, brown-field sites through comprehensive and co-ordinated development.-Improvements to transport infrastructure which would be of benefit to the wider Thames Gateway area.C) One critical element of Londons winning Olympic bid was the so-called legacy of the games- the longer term benefits arising for the local community. tail you see from the photograph what some of these might be?Well, there are obviously a lot of developments going on, and it is likely that the sports facilities could be used in the future by local communities, as well as recreational uses such as the Westfield Shopping Mall, and generally the area will attract tourists, and thus increase the economy of the area (e.g. prices going up such as hotels charging more money etc which will benefit the tourist industry).Other benefits include* Sports facilities with a national and international profile.* The Olympic stadium itself, which could be used for an Athletic or Premiership football stadium.* 4,000-4,500 new residential units bui lt to house teams in the Olympic village- could be used to provide affordable and key worker housing.* A 1,000,000 sq ft media centre would be created for the games, which would have the latest technology and could be used as a centre for media based organizations and creative industries in the future and would also encourage associated and complementary industries and lever in much needed hole-and-corner(a) investment.* An increase in tourism linking into and complementing existing and planned regeneration in east London (people still go to Barcelona and Munich to visit the Olympic sites)* Wholesale environmental and landscaping improvements and new urban design concepts* Staging a major international event such as the Olympics would be a major ethnical boost to east London, which has long suffered from the image of dereliction and unattractiveness. It would be an excellent chance to publicise the areas wide cultural diversity and create tourist attractions such as an Olympic Park .4. If you were to visit the areas shown here one year after the photograph was taken, how do you think it would have changed?I think there would still be a high level of construction going on, and the area would look more developed e.g. the Westfield Shopping Mall might have more added to its exterior (such as the windows etc). There might also be more people there (e.g. working/just observing etc).

Isolation of Aspirin

Once the aspirin is prepared, it is isolated from the reaction solution and then it is purified. The aspirin is insoluble in cold water, and it is isolated by filtering the chilled reaction solution. Purification is essential to remove any unreacted salicylic acid and acetic anhydride as well as the acetic acid product and phosphoric acid. acetic anhydride is ca employ to decompose by the addition of water once the formation of aspirin is complete.C4H6O3 (Acetic anhydride) + H2O (Water) - 2C2H4O2 (Acetic Acid) The acetic acid and phosphoric acid are water soluble and it is removed by wash drawing the aspirin with chilled water. Salicylic acid is only slightly soluble in water and is non completely removed in the washing steps. Phosphoric acid can be used instead of sulphuric acid if desired to obtain the higher yield, as sulphuric acid reacts more than readily with the organic molecules involved in the reaction than phosphoric acid.However, phosphoric acid does not absorb water i n the reaction therefore it whitethorn be a slower process. Final purification is completed by the process of Recrystallisation. By recrystalising the crude aspirin slowly, it was possible to obtain large crystals with an exact structure by allowing the aspirin molecules to join together in a precise way. The regular molecular crystal structure of the final product makes it more difficult for impurities to be included, eliminating impurities present in the formless crude product.The impure aspirin is dissolved in warm ethanol. The solution is then cooled slowly, and the aspirin crystallises come forth of solution leaving the salicylic acid and other impurities behind. In my experiment, pure aspirin was obtained after filtering out the impurities and excess reagents through the filter paper. A method to balk a solid compounds purity after recrsytallisation is to check its melting point. The melting point of a compound can be used to identify it and also to estimate its purity.Norm ally an impure compound will show a melting point which is lower than that of a pure compound. Therefore, if the exemplar of aspirin melts at a temperature below the accepted melting point two possibilities can exist either the sample is impure or it is not aspirin. A pure substance will melt sharply at 1-20C per minute when nearing the expected melting point in order to get a more accurate range. An impure compound will melt over a wider temperature range.

Licensed Practical Nurse Essay

License Practical Nurse (LPN), work under the directions of registered nurses and doctors. LPN argon Certified healthcare professionals that are responsible for helping and providing basic care to patients. They work in a variety of diametric setting, hospital, care facilities, and nursing homes.To arrive a LPN you would need a High School Diploma, or a GED. You would have to take your Pre Entrance Examination that would cover your basic line of business like your maths, and general skills. Before you start the LPN programs you also would need your Pre Requisite. You must complete a Practical Nurse Program and pass the study Council Licensure of State Board Nursing (NCLEX-PN) exam to be certified and receive your licensure.You must be patients at all times, have good communication skills and flexibility. To interact as a health-care professional, interface with registered nurses and doctors, to perform physical assessments and to work as a team. LPN work 40 plus hours a week, on different shifts, weekends, morning, or nights and Holidays. You have to be able to stand for a long period of time. The average salary for a LPN in New siege of Orleans is$38,115 to $41,681 per years.I reason why i pick LPN to be my next career because i just thought it was the next stepping stone for me, i already have my Clinical Medical Assistant Certificate so i thought i just could work my focussing up, and to stay in the healthcare/medical field, i will always have something to fall linchpin on just in case i wanted to go back to school for something else, so i can work and attend college. I also like helping people each any every way i can, I think its a good career for me because i have a few experiences and good people skills.

Ford Motor Company: Supply Chain Strategy Case

hybridizing Motor Company, incorporated in 190 by Mr. Henry intersection, is one of the largest fomite markers in the world today. This company employees to a greater goal than 360,000 employees and has produced more than 260 million vehicles over its history. Since the 1970s, the auto perseverance has evolved from an industry with only a few large companies to one in which competition has become tough. Instead of twain main competitors, cut through now breasts foreign automakers in the marketplace. With the addd competition, car head teachers are seeing more cars sit on lots for a persistenter period of period and are now crack a variety of incentives to get people to buy these products.DiagnosisIn 1995, the CEO of hybridisation open up an initiative called interbreeding 2000 in an effort to reduce costs and become more market competitive. This unsanded initiative encompassed all of Fords activities, such as product development, manufacture and marketing. Most of t hese switchs were based around IT improvements. These improvements were through with(p) as an effort to bring Ford closer to all aspects of their furnish chain, from their supplier to their customers.In 1998, Ford also opened the first of its Ford Retail Networks. This project was started to help the dealers compete with the real competition, such as GM and Chrysler instead of each other. It also brought Ford closer to the end customer.This Ford 2000 project was a major undertaking, but what is helping the company as a whole? Well, in 1998, the Ford 2000 initiative had raised Fords net incomes, return on sales, and had made the company the industry leader in profit per vehicle. Ford had been named the most improved automaker in 1997 by JD Power Initial Quality depicted object and had become the world leader in trucks. They were making progress, but where still burdened with large inventories.Fords manager of Supply Chain Systems began to research what Ford could do to decreas e these inventories to become the industry leader and to increase shareholder wealth. She did any(prenominal) research into dingle Computers. This company was enjoying 55% per year reaping at the time that Fords growth was steady at about 6% a year. They were also seeing a 133% growth of their stocks while Ford was seeing at 33.4% growth.Dell had adopted a virtual(prenominal) desegregation subscriber line determine. Within this shape Dell uses the profit for almost all business activities. Customers place an rate specifying on the dot what they penury. This can be done over the Internet or over the phone. Dell then places an order for the components of this machine over an Internet based JIT monastic order system. The parts are received assembled and shipped to the customer at bottom 5-6 days.After much research, the director tried to determined if this same system could be used for Ford Motor Company.AnalysisThe Director found that there would be several challenges if t hey were going to go through this cause of virtual integration system. First, Ford Motor Company is more than 100 years old whereas Dell was opened in 1984. Since the company is so old and has been doing business the same way for a long period of time, it will be harder to implement a large change such as virtual integration. For example, Fords procurement process is not where it needs to be if the company is going to virtually integrate. Ford before long has a very large number of suppliers. Procurement personnel are highly involved with both aspect of the supplier relationship, while Dell uses a JIT ordering system. Fords manual process is more bright to errors than an electronic process would be, but the procurement department has been so powerful for so long that it may be hard to convince those working in this department that this change will be beneficial.The death penalty of an electronic ordering system could put some of these employees out of a job. These employees a re also choosing suppliers on the basis of cost only. If Ford was going to implement a virtual integration system, procurement professionals would give way to take other aspects into account, such as delivery time and willingness to partner.If Ford was going to implement an electronic system for ordering, they would also face some challenges while establishing Internet links with their suppliers. First, they would take a shit to choose whom they would want to partner with in this fashion. Then they would have to determine if these suppliers have reading technology systems that would buy at an Internet based communication system. Currently Ford has started to develop this type of system with their tier one suppliers who are their most advanced and largest suppliers. If they were to extend the electronic ordering to other suppliers who did not have the technology to support this type of system, Ford would be forced to decide if they would want to help their suppliers develop or r eceive the technology needed for this moveion. Other issues such as what type of information would be shared and the security system system they would use to make sure only those with the need to know would have access to this information would have to be addressed as well.Another challenge Ford Motor Company would face when trying to implement a virtual integration model like Dells is there are some major differences between the computer and automotive industries. An automobile is a more complex product and includes many a(prenominal) more parts than a computer. If Ford were going to implement a virtual integration model they would have to manage a larger number of component parts suppliers than Dell is managing, which would add costs.Ford, if pitiful towards virtual integration, must also address their network of privately owned dealerships. Dells model of virtual integration includes no dealers or retailers. If Ford were to adopt complete virtual integration, they would techni cally not have dealers. Having no dealers would not be possible for Ford. These dealerships are franchises that are owned legally by individuals. Also a person that is going to buy a car may not be receptive to ordering one off the Internet. Most people test-drive an automobile before they buy, which could not be done if cars were order strictly from the manufacturer. If Ford did not offer test-drives and other companies such as GM did, Ford would have a large disadvantage.ConclusionIn order to implement the type of virtual integration model that Dell rate of flowly employs, Ford would have to overcome some obstacles. These obstacles come from every aspect of their current supply chain. They would have to partner with suppliers and provide these suppliers the infrastructure and training they would need in order to go through over the Internet. They would also have to change the way their dealers worked with customers. Since most customers would not accept buying a car directly of f the Internet, Ford would have to implement other methods of changing this aspect of their supply chain.RecommendationsAlthough there are several differences between Ford and Dell, I do recommend that Ford implement some of Dells virtual integration model.I recommend that they set-up an extranet, or extend their current system so that they may use JIT ordering with their suppliers. They could use some sort of incentive plan to encourage their supplier to invest in their technology systems so that they would be able to use this extranet for accepting orders. The amount of cash Ford would save from the direct link they would have to their suppliers should supplement the investment they would have to make in developing an extranet.I also recommend that Ford make some changes in the way they interact with their customers. Ford could set-up some type of virtual showroom. This may encourage more customers to order direct from Ford instead of going to a dealer. They could also create an intranet, or enhance their current intranet, in which dealers could restrain the stock of other dealers for the vehicle a customer is looking for. If they could have this vehicle shipped from one dealer to the other it would not only reduce dealer inventory, but would also please the customer since the lead-time for them receiving their brand-new vehicle would be reduced.Although Ford may never be able to virtually integrate to the extent that Dell has, the company will be able to see cost savings from their integration efforts. Ford should be able to reduce dealer inventories and should be able to move towards a pull system of manufacture if they implement these changes.

Twelfth Night Analysis

fill out vs. Lust and Desire (The Twelfth Night) Love and lust lavatory often be mistaken for each(prenominal) other by unsuspecting and naive characters. In William Shakespe ars The Twelfth Night a majority of the characters experience learning the difference amid whether lust is the same as applaud or if they are merely enjoying some champions looks only. The question of hope being overpowered by come is something that has been deeply looked at by literary critics to try to decipher. The beginning of the story starts out with genus genus Viola and her twin brother Sebastian get into a shipwreck where Viola believes that her brother has drowned and been lost at sea.She shows an enormous amount of honey in those first few moments when she realizes that he is gone. No love is ever greater than family love because it is the most elegant form of love. Viola, out of self-preservation, takes a job in the house of the Duke Orsino and becomes his messenger to his love Olivia. Oli via is a conceited woman who is also mourning her brothers death and refuses to see Orsino or listen to his conjugation proposals. As a different tack, Orsino sends Viola, dressed as Cesario, to try to court Olivia for him. This is not love that Orsino is feeling. Unrequited, sombre love intensifies this process it is self-consuming, as Orsino is pursued and consumed by his own desires. (Eagleton) As Eagleton alludes he is merely attracted to Olivias mantrap and power. The way he acts towards her does personify that he loves her, but he only compliments her beauty and virtue in his poems. He alludes to only wanting her because she is what is seen as the most desirable woman most his land. Irrationally, Orsino would love a woman who he hold ups loves herself. But whereas he shrewdly guesses the true condition of his ladys affection, he is blind to the similar makeup of his own passion. (Hunt) This showing of lust is counteracted by the showings from Viola of love for Orsino. Sh e chooses to do as he asks and help him court Olivia despite the fact that she is a woman in cover and loves Orsino herself. This is a sacrifice that could easily be shown as a sign of true love for Orsino. Violas showing of love is something to be examined closer. She has not known Orsino for more than a day when she begins to love him, heretofore she is willing to sacrifice her own happiness to help create a marriage between Orsino and Olivia.She could be seen as naive and hopeful, but she seems wiser than that if examined closer. Viola is then drawn within this illusion, through her acceptation of an illusion of disguise to further her real aim of serving Orsino she is made to act the part of one actor (Orsino) to another actor (Olivia) in a way which conflicts with her own genuine identity (her love of Orsino). (Eagleton) Orsino also trusts Viola, as Cesario, completely. He entrusts her with his hopes and his most intimate errands. Orsino is caught at a transitional moment i n loves metamorphosis. He secretly enjoys Violas feminine beauty while the page identityCesariogives him an excuse for not recognizing the grave natural opposite to himselfan opposite that in truth complements him. (Hunt) Orsino sees Viola (Cesario) as somebody he can trust and feel strangely drawn to. This could be a sense of lust compelling him or the nature of true love in its purer form. Through the beginning of the story Violas love for Orsino grows only to see Orsinos love for Olivia continue steady. This is all disrupted when Violas brother, Sebastian, is revealed as alive and in the same city.Olivia, who has been courting Cesario (Viola), mistakes Sebastian for Cesario and convinces him to marry her. This can only be another modelling of the feeble yet strong importance put on physical attraction between dickens strangers to create a feeling of love that is deeply rooted in lust. Olivia found Cesarios simmer down demeanor to her to be refreshing and the slightly feminin e build to be attractive. The consequence of Violas entering the correlative illusion of Orsino and Olivia is the creation in Olivia of a realityher love for Violawhich breaks beyond the illusion and yet is similarly illusoryshe does not know that Viola is a woman. (Eagleton) Olivias love for Cesario is a small-minded more sincere than Orsinos love for Olivia because Olivia enjoys Cesarios company and demeanor as strictly contradictory to his looks. When Olivia learns that Sebastian is her husband and not Cesario, she is still happy despite the mix up. Orsinos switching of his love from Olivia to Viola so easily and efficiently is a sign that he may not really know the true nature of love at all. Orsino may only really know the way of desire and lust.Viola overlooks this and marries Orsino without any hesitation because she loves him. Orsino refers to Viola as his fancys Queen implying that he really cares for her on a level deeper than merely her looks which he has not been able to see in her manly disguise. The culture of the story regards every couple marrying the person they seem the most happy with, but its highly questionable if they love the person they have chosen or if they merely have chosen someone they like. ? Work CitedEagleton, Terence. Language and Reality in Twelfth Night. Critical Quarterly 9. 3 (Autumn 1967) 217-228. Rpt. in Shakespearian Criticism. Ed. Dana Ramel Barnes and Marie Lazzari. Vol. 34. Detroit Gale Research, 1997. Literature Resource Center. Web. 19 Feb. 2013. Hunt, Maurice. Love, Disguise, and Knowledge in Twelfth Night. CLA Journal 32. 4 (June 1989) 484-493. Rpt. in Shakespearean Criticism. Ed. Michelle Lee. Vol. 92. Detroit Gale, 2005. Literature Resource Center. Web. 19 Feb. 2013.

Computer Operating Systems

ICT century Introduction to Information and Communications applied science Unit 3 operational Systems Objectives ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Define the term bundle Differentiate between schema softw be and lotion packet Define the terms direct placement and utility course of instructionme Identify the typesetters cases of run dodges Explain the boot process of a estimator learn the functions of an direct(a) body Identify common utility programs Software, likewise called a program, consists of a series of relate instructions, organized for a common purpose, that tells the computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them.The two categories of software are clay software and application software. System Software System software consists of the programs that control or maintain the trading operations of the computer and its devices. System software serves as the interface between the drug substance abuser, the application software, and the computers gravidware. It overwhe lms the by-line 1. Operating Systems 2. Library Programs 3. Utility Programs Operating Systems An operational remains (OS) is a set of programs containing instructions that represent together to coordinate all the figure outivities among computer weightyware resources.E actually computer needs an operational organization to act as an interface between the user and the computer hardware. It allows the user to perform tasks without having to know how they are d unity. For example, a user base give a command to save a cross- saddle on phonograph recording without having to know where the file will be stored or how it will be retrieved again. When a command is effrontery to print a document, the user does non have to be concerned with the details of how the printer whole caboodle a program called a device driver takes care of the details. ICT light speed Operating Systems rascal 1 of 9The direct administration that a computer uses fewtimes is called the platform. Wi th purchased application software, the package or specifications identify the involve platform (operating carcass). A cross-platform program is adept that runs the same on multiple operating systems. Application programs are usually written to work with a particular operating system, so that a word mainframe computer, which whole caboodle with Windows, will not work on an Apple Mac, which has a different operating system. When purchasing application software, ensure that it works with the operating system installed on your computer or mobile device.The Bootstrap exercise The process of starting or restarting a computer is called booting. When oerruleing on a computer that has been supply off completely, you are performing a cold boot. A warm boot is the process of utilise the operating system to restart a computer. A warm boot properly closes any campaign processes and programs however, it does not save any unsaved work. Thus, always remember to save your work before rebo oting (restarting) a computer. Each time you boot a computer, the kernel and other frequently used operating system instructions are loaded, or copied, from reposition into the computers store (RAM).The kernel is the core of an operating system that knows memory and devices, maintains the computers clock, starts programs, and assigns the computers resources, much(prenominal) as devices, programs, data, and tuition. The kernel is memory resident, which means it remains in memory while the computer is running. Other parts of the operating system are nonresident, that is, these instructions remain on a storage medium until they are needed. When you boot a computer, a series of messages may appear on the screen. The actual information displayed varies depending on the make and type of the computer and the equipment installed.The boot process, however, is similar for large and small computers. The steps of the bootstrap process are addicted and explained below feel 1 The busine ss office supply sends a signal to the comp wiznts in the system unit. When you turn on the computer, the power supply sends an electrical signal to the components in the system unit. Step 2 The mainframe computer finds the ROM chip(s) that contains the BIOS. The charge of electricity causes the processor chip to reset itself and find the ROM chip(s) that contains the BIOS. The BIOS (pronounced BYE-ose), which stands for basic stimulant drug/output system, is firmware that contains the computers start-up instructions.ICT one hundred Operating Systems scalawag 2 of 9 Step 3 The BIOS performs the POST, which checks components, such as the mouse, keyboard, and adapter cards. The BIOS executes a series of tests to make sure the computer hardware is bring togethered properly and operating correctly. The tests, collectively called the power-on self test (POST ), check the various system components including the buses, system clock, adapter cards, RAM chips, mouse, keyboard, and driv es. As the POST executes, LEDs (tiny lights) flicker on devices such as the dish aerial drives and keyboard.Beeps as well may sound, and messages may appear on the screen. Step 4 The results of the POST are compared with data in a CMOS chip. The POST results are compared with data in a CMOS chip. CMOS is a technology that uses battery power to retain information when the computer is off. The CMOS chip stores configuration information about the computer, such as the hail of memory type of disk drives, keyboard, and monitor the current date and time and other startup information. It also detects any new devices connected to the computer.If any problems are identified, the computer may beep, display error messages, or cease operating depending on the severity of the problem. Step 5 The BIOS may look for the system files on a USB flash drive or on an ocular disc drive or may look directly on drive C (hard disk). If the POST completes successfully, the BIOS searches for specific oper ating system files called system files. The BIOS may look first to see if a USB flash drive plugged in a USB port or a disc in an optical disc drive contains the system files, or it may look directly on drive C (the designation usually iven to the first hard disk) for the system files. Step 6 The system files and the kernel of the operating system load into memory (RAM) from storage (i. e. , hard disk). Once located, the system files load into memory (RAM) from storage (usually the hard disk) and execute. Next, the kernel of the operating system loads into memory. Then, the operating system in memory takes control of the computer. Step 7 The operating system loads configuration information, may request user information, starts several background processes, and displays the desktop on the screen. The operating system loads system configuration information.Necessary operating system files are loaded into memory. On some(prenominal) computers, the operating system verifies that the pe rson attempting to use the computer is a legitimate user. Finally, the desktop and icons are displayed on the screen. The operating system executes programs in the Startup folder, which contains a list of programs that open automatically when you boot the computer. ICT coulomb Operating Systems Page 3 of 9 Figure 1 The bootstrap process Shut voltaic pile options including powering off the computer, placing the computer in sleep mode, and hibernating the computer.Sleep mode saves any open documents and programs to RAM, turns off all supererogatory functions, and then places the computer in a low-power state. If, for some reason, power is removed from a computer that is in sleep mode, any unsaved work could be addled. Hibernate, by contrast, saves any open documents and programs to a hard disk before removing power from the computer. Operating System Functions Operating systems perform the following functions (1) manage resources, (2) manage backing store, (3) handle interrupts, (4) brooks a user interface, (5) provide networking capabilities, (6) provide security. . Manage Resources The operating system keeps queer of all resources (CPU, disk, memory, files, input and output devices etc. ). Through scheduling it decides what process gets what resource, when it gets it, ICT 100 Operating Systems Page 4 of 9 how much and for how long. This is called allocation of resources. Resources can also be taken away from a process. This is called de-allocation of resources. Memory Management Computers are capable of holding several programs in memory simultaneously so that a user can switch from one application to another.The purpose of memory management is to perfect the use of random access memory (RAM). The operating system allocates, or assigns, data and instructions to an theatre of operations of memory while they are being processed. Then, it carefully monitors the contents of memory. Finally, the operating system releases these items from being monitored i n memory when the processor no longer requires them. If there is no memory management then one program might accidentally address the memory space occupied by another. This would result in corrupting programs with potentially disastrous results.Virtual memory is used when sufficient physical RAM is not available. dower of a hard disk is allocated to be used as if it were main memory. The speed of access is very slow compared to RAM access speed. File Management The file management part of an operating system has four basic functions 1. To allocate space on the storage device to hold each file stored, and to deallocate space when a file is deleted. Space is usually divided into fixed size allocation units (addressable blocks) of show 512 or 1024 bytes. 2. To keep track of the allocation units occupied by each file.Files may be die over several allocation units, not necessarily contiguous (i. e. together). A file may initially occupy one unit of 512 bytes, and then when updated by a user, need extra space which may have to be found somewhere else on the disk. 3. To control file access rights and permissions. 4. To map analytic file addresses to physical addresses. For example, a physical disk may be split into several ratiocinative drives C, D, E, F, G. Managing Programs some operating systems declare a ace user and only one running program at a time. Others support thousands of users running multiple programs.How an operating system handles programs directly affects your productivity. A single user/single tasking operating system allows only one user to run one program at a time. A single user/multitasking operating system allows a single user to work on two or more programs that reside in memory at the same time. When a computer is running multiple programs concurrently, one program is in the foreground and the others are in the background. ICT 100 Operating Systems Page 5 of 9 The one in the foreground is the active program, that is, the one you curr ently are using.The other programs running but not in use are in the background. A multiuser operating system enables two or more users to run programs simultaneously. Networks, hordes, mainframes, and super computers allow hundreds to thousands of users to connect at the same time, and thus are multiuser. A multiprocessing operating system supports two or more processors running programs at the same time. Multiprocessing involves the coordinated processing of programs by more than one processor. Multiprocessing increases a computers processing speed. 2.Manage Backing Store The operating system is answerable for the transfer of data from secondary storage (e. g. disk) to memory and vice versa. It also has to maintain a directory of the disk so that files and free spaces can be quickly located. 3. Handle Interrupts The operating system detects interrupts (such as the while away of the mouse or a process indicating that it is finished with the processor) and then performs the neces sary task (such as allowing the processor to be used by another process). 4. Provide a User Interface You interact with software through its user interface.That is, a user interface controls how you go far data and instructions and how information is displayed on the screen. The operating system acts as a user interface between the user and the machine. Command-Line Interface To tack devices, manage system resources, and troubleshoot network connections, network administrators and other advanced users work with a commandline interface. In a command-line interface, a user types commands or presses special keys on the keyboard (such as function keys or key combinations) to enter data and instructions. Graphical User Interface Most users today work with a graphical user interface.With a graphical user interface (GUI), you interact with menus and visual images such as buttons and other graphical objects to issue commands. Many current GUI operating systems incorporate features simila r to those of a Web browser, such as links and navigation buttons (i. e. , Back button and Forward button). Some GUI operating systems provide access to command-line interfaces. Menu-driven Interface User is presented with a range of options from which to choose ICT 100 Operating Systems Page 6 of 9 Form Interface A user interface in which the computer outputs separate incite and response fields for a number of inputs.Natural Language the interface consists of standard languages such as English, Spanish, French, and Dutch etc. 5. Provide Networking Capabilities Some operating systems have networking capabilities built in, others are creating specifically for managing networks, e. g. waiter operating systems. Networking capabilities include organizing and coordinating how multiple users access and share resources on a network. Resources include hardware, software, data, and information. For example, a server operating system allows multiple users to share a printer, Internet acce ss, files, and programs.The network administrator, the person overseeing network operations, uses the server operating system to add and remove users, computers, and other devices to and from the network. The network administrator also uses the server operating system to install software and administer network security. 6. Provide Security Computer and network administrators typically have an administrator account that enables them to access all files and programs on the computer or network, install programs, and line settings that affect all users on a computer or network.Settings include creating user accounts and establishing permissions. These permissions define who can access certain resources and when they can access those resources. For each user, the computer or network administrator establishes a user account, which enables a user to access, or log on to, a computer or a network. Each user account typically consists of a user name and watchword. A user name, or user ID, i s a unique combination of characters, such as letters of the alphabet or number that identifies one specific user. Many users select a combination of their first and last names as their user name.A user named Henry Baker might choose HBaker as his user name. A password is a private combination of characters associated with the user name that allows access to certain computer resources. Some operating systems allow the computer or network administrator to assign passwords to files and commands, restricting access to only accepted users. After entering a user name and password, the operating system compares the users opening with a list of authorized user names and passwords. If the entry matches the user name and password ICT 100 Operating Systems Page 7 of 9 ept on file, the operating system grants the user access. If the entry does not match, the operating system denies access to the user. To protect sensitive data and information further as it travels over a network, the opera ting system may encrypt it. Encryption is the process of encoding data and information into an unreadable form. Administrators can specify that data be encrypted as it travels over a network to forbid unauthorized users from reading the data. When an authorized user attempts to read the data, it automatically is decrypted, or converted back into a readable form. Types of Operating SystemsOperating systems can be divided into the three following types 1. Stand-alone 2. Server 3. engraft Stand-Alone Operating System A stand-alone operating system is a complete operating system that works on a desktop computer, notebook computer, or mobile computing device. Some stand-alone operating systems can work in conjunction with a server operating system (here it functions as a client operating system) others include networking capabilities allowing users to set up small networks (e. g. home or small business network). Examples of currently used stand-alone operating systems are Windows 7, Ma c OS X, UNIX, and Linux.Server Operating System A server operating system is an operating system that is designed specifically to support a network. These operating systems can support all sizes of networks from small to large-sized networks and Web servers. A server operating system typically resides on a server and provides client machines with access to resources. Examples of server operating systems include Windows Server 2008, UNIX, Linux, Solaris, and NetWare. Embedded Operating System The operating system on mobile devices and many consumer electronics, called an embed operating system, resides on a ROM chip.Most handheld computers and small devices use embedded operating systems. democratic embedded operating systems today include Windows Embedded CE, Windows Mobile, Palm OS, iPhone OS, BlackBerry, Google Android, embedded Linux, and Symbian OS. ICT 100 Operating Systems Page 8 of 9 Library Programs A library program is available to all users of a multi-user computer syste m, typically to carry out common tasks required by everyone. For example a routine that searches for lost files or restores corrupted files may be stored in a library. Utility ProgramsA utility program, also called a utility, is a type of system software that allows a user to perform maintenance-type tasks, usually related to managing a computer, its devices, or its programs. Most operating systems include several built-in utility programs. Users can also subvert stand-alone utility programs. Utility programs perform common tasks that thousands of computer users need to do at some time or another, such as searching for files, viewing images, backing up files and disks, uninstalling programs, defragmenting disks, burning optical discs, and so on.One common utility is compression software such as WinZip that zips files so that they occupy little space. This is very useful if your want to transmit a graphic or large data file over the Internet, as the transmission time will be much r educed. References Shelly, G. B, Vermaat, M. E. (2010). Discovering Computers 2011. Boston, MA Course Technology Daley, B. (2008). Computers Are Your Future 2007. Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson Education Heathcote, P. M, Langfield, S. (2004). A Level Computing, 5th edition. Oxford Payne-Gallway Publishers Ltd ICT 100 Operating Systems Page 9 of 9

Design a Flow Chart for a Process

Design a flow graph for a motion Zoey Johnson University of Phoenix OPS/571 October 27, 2012 One process that seems to be a never ending process in my daily life is doing laundry. With a household of six people, the laundry needs to be through with(p) daily or else it will overtake the house quickly. To help illustrate the laundry process I bring forth used Microsoft Word to create a flowchart that depicts the process. Using flowcharts is valuable because the flow of system of logic is shown throughout the process. Much like a blueprint for a building, a flowchart depicts the development of a process.Factors that affect the process design Water temperature and urine level are the factors that affect process of the design. twain factors will determine how the laundry gets done. Performing the process design for laundry is broken down into the spare- while activity pure tones. 1. ) Sort the frock between whites, light colorize, and dour colors 2. ) Check that the pockets a re empty a. If pockets are empty move to step 3 b. If pockets are non empty, empty them then move to step 3 3. ) beak out the desired amount of detergent 4. ) Pour the detergent into the gargleing machine . ) adjust if fabric softener is needed. If needed, measure and add. If not go straight to step 6 c. annex Fabric Softener 6. ) exact wet temperature. If garb are temperature sensitive move to step 7, if not move to step 8 7. )Are clothes durable, like cotton d. If Yes use hot water e. If No use cold water 8. ) follow Washing wheel f. If fabrics are delicate select gentle laundry g. If fabrics are not delicate select normal wash 9. ) pose the water level per load 10. ) Load the clothes into the washer 11. Turn on washer and custody 35 45 minutes for wash calendar method 12. ) Take clothes out of washer and put into drying agent 13. ) Turn on semi-dry and wait 60 minutes 14. ) Take clothes out of dryer and fold For the flow chart design, the ellipse shapes represen t the start and end steps for the process. The rectangular shapes represent the process steps. Decision steps are depicted by a diamond shape. Arrows are used to act as a bleed to show the flow of process. Identify metric to measure process For the purpose of the laundering process, I have chosen sorting period as the metric for the process.Separating everyones laundry into whites, light colors, and dark colors is a time consuming process that can be reduced to reduce the amount of time it takes to do laundry. The remaining steps are fairly automatic so decreasing the sorting time is the best way to improve the process. Start Start Flow Chart Sort clothes by colors whites, light colors, and dark colors Sort clothes by colors whites, light colors, and dark colors No No Are pockets empty? Are pockets empty? Empty pockets Empty pockets Yes Yes Measure out desired amount of detergentMeasure out desired amount of detergent Pour Detergent into washer Pour Detergent into washer Is Fabric Softener Needed? Is Fabric Softener Needed? Add Fabric Softener Add Fabric Softener Yes Yes No No Are clothes Durable? Are clothes Durable? Yes Yes need water temperature. Are clothes temperature sensitive? Select water temperature. Are clothes temperature sensitive? No No Yes Yes Use cold water Use cold water Use hot water Use hot water No No Determine wash cycle. Are fabrics delicate? Determine wash cycle. Are fabrics delicate? No No Yes YesUse normal cycle Use normal cycle Use gentle cycle Use gentle cycle Adjust the water level Adjust the water level Turn on washer and wait 35 45 minutes for wash cycle to complete Turn on washer and wait 35 45 minutes for wash cycle to complete Load Clothes into washer Load Clothes into washer Take clothes out of washer and load into dryer Take clothes out of washer and load into dryer Turn on dryer and wait 60 minutes for clothes to dry Turn on dryer and wait 60 minutes for clothes to dry Take clothes out of dryer and fold Take clothes out of dryer and fold

Health Care Physicians In Kuwait Health And Social Care Essay

Introduction Domestic lodge against big(a) fe viriles is an of aftermath public wellness job. The checkup practician s personal value system and beliefs ab pop domestic world power shadow mould an of second function to cover with job and supply support to battered bountiful females.Aim The accredited fol humble was formulate to uncover military strength of doctors towards domestic crusade against bad females and factors impacting this spot.Methods To give such purposes, a stress of 565 doctors were interviewed out of 899 doctors selected for this check with an overall response rate of 62.8 % . The sic population for this keep abreast was all doctors in the primary wellness trouble centres in capital of Kuwait.Consequences The consequences of the current survey revealed that doctors bleeded to nurture a comparatively woeful positive overall bearing intention towards military posture against swelled females ( 60.75 + 13.16 % ) , with a fair per centum mo derate of 42.36 + 15.37 % for human kindred among spouses world, 75.73 + 21.80 % for sizable grounds to hit marital muliebritys domain, and 58.39 + 17.11 % for direction of domestic force subject ara. Female doctors tended to h experient a higher positive spot mark than males ( 62.9 + 13.36 % compared with 58.3 + 12.52 % , P & A lt 0.001 ) every snap obedient as for each attitude sphere. Years spent at the current occupation negatively agree with the full attitude mark of doctors towards domestic force against pornographic females.Decision There is a keen demand to better attitude of doctors about domestic force, particularly against adult females through aright plotted preparation plans so that a better medical maintenance and support of beat-up adult females set up be achieved.Cardinal words Domestic force Women Physicians-AttitudeIntroductionGender-based force is widely recognized as an of import public wellness job, both because of the acute morbidity and mortality associated with assault and its longer-term impact on adult females s wellness, including chronic hurting, gynecologic jobs, switch onually-transmitted diseases, depression, post-traumatic emphasis upsets, and self-destruction. ( 1-3 ) Ab utilize adult females who have hapless physical and amiable wellness suffer more hurts and utilize more medical resources than non-abused adult females. ( 1,2,4 )Health attention establishments can do important parts to crack toing force against adult females by back uping both doctors and victims. ( 3 ) Health attention buy the farmers can play an indispensable function to cover with this wellness job through proper direction of beat-up adult females and supplying full support. However, wellness attention workers might package the same cultural norms and biass with victims or culprits of social force, which would impact their professional attitudes. Furthermore, some doctors might believe that interpersonal force is a private hous e bind affair and non a wellness issue. In add-on, time the hazards allocated to this product line are unequal, some wellness attention workers might experience despairing, taking them to professional reluctance. ( 4-6 ) Thus the following survey was formulated to accomplish the undermentioned aims Estimate attitude of doctors towards domestic force ( DV ) against adult females and erupt factors impacting attitude of doctors about domestic force against adult females.MethodsAn experimental cross-sectional survey design was choose for this survey. The survey was carried out in the primary wellness attention centres in Kuwait. tout ensemble doctors available during the or indorsement work of the survey in the primary wellness attention centres were the mark population of this survey. A joint of 78 wellness centres are distributed over five wellness territories in Kuwait. The entire figure of doctors was 899 out of these, merely 565 agreed to portion in the survey with a resp onse rate of 62.8 % . The survey cover the period January to August 2010. Data were collected over three months get drink down from the May to July, 2010.Datas of this survey was collected through a specially designed self-administered questionnaire. This questionnaire consisted of several subdivisions. The first subdivision dealt with socio-demographic features, including age, sex, figure of venerable ages in pattern, educational making, current occupation, old ages at current work and pursue. Three inquiries dealt with prevalence of force one in Kuwait, one in different Arab states and the last one dealt with prevalence overall the universe. The attitude graduated table consisted of 18 inquiries covering three sub-domains. The first sub-domain dealt with the relationship between spouses and consisted of 6 inquiries, while the 2nd sub-domain the hitting married womans by their hubbies and formed of 8 inquiries, the last sub-domain dealt with direction of DV and consisted of th ree inquiries. The causes of DV consisted of 14 inquiries of these five covered the single features of culprit, two covered the relationship, three dealt with the community factors, and 4 inquiries reflected the social factors including traditions, purification and wonts. An separate subdivision of the interviewing questionnaire covered the expected result of domestic force. This portion consisted of 34 inquiries classified as follows physical wellness ( 6 inquiries ) , chronic conditions ( 5 inquiries ) , mental wellness ( 8 inquiries ) , negative wellness behaviour ( 5 inquiries ) , generative wellness ( 7 inquiries ) , and fatal result ( 3 inquiries ) .A aviate survey was carried out on 30 doctors ( non included in the concluding survey ) . This survey was formulated with the following aims prove the lucidity, pertinence of the survey tools, accommodate the purpose of the work to existent feasibleness, place the troubles that whitethorn be faced during the application, every b it good as survey all the processs and activities of the administrative facets. Besides, the dress of finishing the questionnaire was estimated during this pilot survey to be 10 proceedingss. The necessary alterations maltreatonizing to the consequences obtained were done, so some statements were reworded. Besides, the construction of the questionnaire shred was reformatted to ease informations aggregation.A pre-coded sheet was used. All inquiries were coded before informations aggregation. This facilitates both informations entry and confirmation every bit good as reduces the chance of mistakes during informations entry. Datas were provide to the computing machine straight from the questionnaire without an intermediate informations transportation sheets. The surpass plan was used for informations entry. A file for informations entry was prepared and structured harmonizing to the variables in the questionnaire. After informations were fed to the Excel plan several methods were used to verify informations entry. These methods included the fol pull downs simple frequence, cross-tabulation, every bit good as manual alteration of entered informations. Percentage mark was calculated for the entire attitude mark every bit good as for each sphere of attitude. Before ciphering the amount of mark the mark of negative inquiries was reversed. The per centum mark was calculated as follows amount of mark X 100 / figure of points. The amount was treated to give a scope of 100 % with a lower limit of nothing and a upper limit of 100.Statistical analysisBefore analysis informations were imported to the Statistical Package for Social Sciences ( SPSS ) which was used for both informations analysis and tabular presentation. Descriptive ( count, per centum, lower limit, upper limit, arithmetic mean, average and standard divagation ) and analytic steps ( Mann Whitney Z trial and Spearman correlativity coefficient ) were utilized. The degree of significance selected for t his survey was P ? 0.05.All the necessary blessings for transporting out the seek were obtained. The Ethical Committee of the Kuwaiti Ministry of Health approved the research. A pen format explicating the intent of the research was prepared and signed by the doctor before get downing the interview. In add-on, the intent and importance of the research were discussed with the manager of the wellness centre.ConsequenceTable I portrays socio-demographic features of analyze doctors. Females constituted 53.1 % of the studied sample while the symmetry were males ( 46.9 % ) with an mean age of 39.95 + 9.07 old ages and an norm of 13.04 + 8.42 old ages at the current occupation. Kuwaiti doctors constituted 43.2 % of the entire sample while 51.5 % were other(a) Arab doctors. The bulk were married ( 87.3 % ) while the remainder were presently individual ( 3.0 % divorced or widow and 9.7 % neer married before ) . Out of the entire sample, 89.2 % were working as a registrar, while the remain der ( 10.8 % ) were either specializers or advisers. Those keeping a unmarried man grade constituted 31.7 % , while the bulk ( 68.3 % ) were keeping a higher educational certification. The wage for the bulk of doctors ( 82.1 % ) was more than green KD.Table II shows perceptual experience of doctors about prevalence of DV against adult females in Kuwait, other Arab states and worldwide. Doctors tended to gauge lower prevalence of domestic force in Kuwait than other Arab states or worldwide as 43.8 % of them stated that domestic force against adult females is more than 20 % while 69 % and 58.8 % stated the same prevalence in other Arab states and worldwide severally.Table III demonstrates attitude of doctors towards DV against adult females. The highest average per centum mark ( 75.73 + 21.80 % ) was that for attitude sphere two covering with striking of married womans in different fortunes, followed by sphere three covering with proper direction of DV ( 58.39 + 17.11 % ) . Relation ship between spouses ( domain one ) came on the underside of the list with a mean of 42.36 + 15.37 % . The overall attitude average per centum mark was 60.75 + 13.16 % with a average per centum mark of 61.1 % .Table IV shows the relationship between attitude towards DV and socio-demographic features of doctors. Female doctors tended to hold a importantly higher average per centum tonss than males for relationship sphere ( 45.1 + 15.53 compared with 39.3 + 14.62 % , P & A lt 0.001 ) , hitting sphere ( 77.9 + 22.16 compared with 73.3 + 21.15 % , P = 0.001 ) , every bit good as the direction sphere ( 59.6 + 17.07 compared with 59.6 + 17.07 % , P = 0.044 ) . Overall, female doctors had a importantly higher attitude score than male doctors ( 62.9 + 13.36 compared with 58.3 + 12.52 % , P & A lt 0.001 ) . Kuwaiti doctors had a significantly higher mark than non-Kuwaiti for the relationship sphere ( 44.4 + 15.31 compared with 40.8 + 15.26 % , P = 0.007 ) , while no important differences were noticed between them with respect to other spheres. Job of the doctor significantly impacted merely on hitting attitude sphere where specializer doctors had a higher average per centum mark ( 82.5 + 16.96 % ) than registrar doctors ( 74.9 + 22.19 % , P = 0.015 ) . Marital specify and degree of instruction did non hold any important impact on the different spheres of doctors attitude towards DV against adult females. A negative correlativity was found between continuance at work in old ages from one side and the overall attitude mark on the other side, ( R = -0.115 ) .Table I Socio-demographic features of doctorsFictional characterNumber% shape upMin-Max24.0 65Mean + SD39.95 + 9.07Sexual activityMale26546.9Female30053.1NationalityKuwaiti24443.2Arab29151.5Non Arab305.3Marital positionSingle559.7Married49387.3Divorced / Widowed173.0QualificationBachelor grade17931.7Master/PhD/Board38668.3OccupationRegistrar50489.2Specialist6110.8Old ages at workMin-Max0.1 40Mean + SD13.04 + 8 .42Income ( KD )& A lt 100010117.91000 23942.3& A gt 150022539.8Table II Percept of doctors about prevalence of domestic force in Kuwait, Arab states and worldwidePrevalence of Domestic force& A lt 1 %1-5 %6-10 %11-20 %21-30 %& A gt 30 %Kuwait ( n=484 )11 ( 2.3 )31 ( 6.4 )94 ( 19.4 )136 ( 28.1 )115 ( 23.8 )97 ( 20.0 )Other Arab states ( n=480 )5 ( 1.0 )12 ( 2.5 )47 ( 9.8 )85 ( 17.7 )180 ( 37.5 )151 ( 31.5 )Worldwide ( n=469 )4 ( 0.9 )36 ( 7.7 )53 ( 11.3 )100 ( 21.3 )114 ( 24.3 )162 ( 34.5 )Datas are presented as figure ( % )Table Three Attitude of doctors towards domestic forceAttitude sphereStronglydisagreeDisagreeImpersonalAgreeStrongly holdRelationship between spouses ( A1 )A good married woman obeys her hubby nevertheless if she disagrees32 ( 5.7 )92 ( 16.3 )134 ( 23.7 )201 ( 35.6 )106 ( 18.8 )Family jobs should merely be discussed with people in the household15 ( 2.7 )57 ( 10.1 )70 ( 12.4 )232 ( 41.1 )191 ( 33.8 )It is of import for a adult male to demo his married wom an who is the honcho38 ( 6.7 )88 ( 15.6 )103 ( 18.2 )225 ( 39.8 )111 ( 19.6 )A adult female should be able to take her ain friends even if her hubby disagrees75 ( 13.3 )177 ( 31.3 )141 ( 25.0 )119 ( 21.1 )53 ( 9.4 )It is a married woman s duty to hold sex with her hubby even if she does non experience like it102 ( 18.1 )154 ( 27.3 )147 ( 26.0 )114 ( 20.2 )48 ( 8.5 )If a adult male mistreats his married woman, others extraneous of the household should step in108 ( 19.1 )118 ( 20.9 )103 ( 18.2 )153 ( 27.1 )83 ( 14.7 )( Min Max ) Mean + SD Median ( 0.0 87.5 ) 42.36 + 15.37 41.7 A adult male have a good ground to hit his married woman if ( A2 ) She does non finish her family work to his gladness367 ( 65.0 )147 ( 26.0 )22 ( 3.9 )15 ( 2.7 )14 ( 2.5 )She disobeys him266 ( 47.1 )175 ( 31.0 )53 ( 9.4 )44 ( 7.8 )27 ( 4.8 )She refuse to hold knowledgeable relation with him316 ( 55.9 )164 ( 29.0 )51 ( 9.0 )14 ( 2.5 )20 ( 3.5 )She asks him whether he has other miss friends331 ( 58.6 )159 ( 28.1 )45 ( 8.0 )16 ( 2.8 )14 ( 2.5 )He suspects that she is unfaithful274 ( 48.5 )170 ( 30.1 )72 ( 12.7 )29 ( 5.1 )20 ( 3.5 )He finds out that she has been unfaithful183 ( 32.4 )91 ( 16.1 )79 ( 14.0 )130 ( 23.0 )82 ( 14.5 )She exposes hubby failings237 ( 41.9 )137 ( 24.2 )86 ( 15.2 )61 ( 10.8 )44 ( 7.8 )She lies to her hubby210 ( 37.2 )154 ( 27.3 )87 ( 15.4 )66 ( 11.7 )48 ( 8.5 )( Min Max ) Mean + SD Median ( 0.0 100.0 ) 75.73 + 21.80 78.1 direction of domestic force ( A3 )Womans who experienced physical force must take professional aid9 ( 1.6 )16 ( 2.8 )32 ( 5.7 )283 ( 50.1 )225 ( 39.8 )Health professionals can non sanction domestic force victims, as they will return to the same societal environment75 ( 13.3 )161 ( 28.5 )92 ( 16.3 )152 ( 26.9 )85 ( 15.0 )Domestic force is a private issue, and patients are ashamed to speak about it36 ( 6.4 )80 ( 14.2 )60 ( 10.6 )281 ( 49.7 )108 ( 19.1 )Covering with domestic force agencies interfering with privateness of the household155 ( 2 7.4 )233 ( 41.2 )86 ( 15.2 )55 ( 9.7 )36 ( 6.4 )( Min Max ) Mean + SD Median ( 6.3 100.0 ) 58.39 + 17.11 56.3 ( A ) Entire Attitude tag ( Min Max ) Mean + SD Median ( 18.1 91.7 ) 60.75 + 13.16 61.1 Datas are presented as figure ( natural % )Table quaternary Relation between attitude sphere tonss ( average + SD ) and socio-demographicfeatures of doctorsCharacteristicAttitude DomainEntire mark( A )Relationship( A1 )Hiting( A2 )Management ( A3 )Sexual activityMale39.3 + 14.673.3 + 21.256.9 + 17.158.3 + 12.5Female45.1 + 15.577.9 + 22.259.6 + 17.162.9 + 13.4Phosphorus& A lt 0.001*0.001*0.044*& A lt 0.001*NationalityKuwaiti44.4 + 15.376.4 + 21.759.5 + 16.361.9 + 13.3Non Kuwaiti40.8 + 15.375.2 + 21. 957.5 + 17.759.8 + 13.0Phosphorus0.007*0.5400.05010.060Marital StatusSingle42.3 + 15.575.5 + 22.759.2 + 18.360.8 + 13.62Married42.4 + 15.475.8 + 21.758.3 + 16.960.7 + 13.11Phosphorus0.8990.9910.6590.871EducationBachelor41.4 + 13.477.5 + 21.657.9 + 16.361.1 + 12.10Higher42.8 + 16.2 74.9 + 21.958.6 + 17.560.6 + 13.64Phosphorus0.3780.1690.7690.712OccupationRegistrar42.3 + 15.374.9 + 22.258.1 + 17.460.3 + 13.3Specialist43.1 + 16.182.5 + 17.060.6 + 14.364.5 + 11.6Phosphorus0.6950.015*0.1720.034*Age ( R )-0.065-0.019-0.040-0.053Old ages at work ( R )-0.054-0.106*-0.043-0.115** Significant, P & A lt 0.05. R = Spearman correlativity coefficientDiscussionDV is a major(ip) societal and medical job. It occurs in all states irrespective of societal, economic, cultural or spiritual values. Battered adult females seek aid in the wellness attention installations due to both physical and psychological harm that they suffer due to the force they experience. ( 7,8 ) The medical practicians personal value system and beliefs about DV can play an of import function. A survey in an exigency section in Hong Kong reported that the physicians found it difficult to optimally pull off victims of DV because of the belief in the importance of keeping household integrity and that DV i s a private issue. ( 9 ) Fewer physicians were found to test for DV believing that intercession is less successful than for other behavioral hazards such as smoke. ( 10 ) It seems that a positive attitude towards DV can play a important function for both diagnosis and pull offing medical results of force. Thus the current research was formulated to uncover attitude of primary wellness attention physicians towards force against adult females and identify factors impacting spheres of attitude. To accomplish these aims 565 primary wellness attention doctors were interviewed utilizing a specially designed questionnaire.The consequences of this survey revealed that more than half the doctors were married ( 87.3 % ) , Non-Kuwait ( 56.8 % ) , females ( 53.1 % ) with an mean age of 39.95 + 9.07 old ages and spent 13.04 + 8.42 old ages, on the norm, at the current occupation. Doctors tended to describe lower prevalence of DV against adult females in Kuwait followed, while they stated high r ates in the other Arab states with an intermediate figure for world-wide prevalence. Other surveies, besides revealed that consciousness of primary doctors about the prevalence of DV is hapless. ( 11-15 ) A multi-country survey carried out by WHO showed that 15 71 % of adult females experient physical and / or sexual force by an intimate spouse at some point in their lives. ( 16 ) Another survey carried out on American Indian adult females revealed a figure every bit high as 80 % . ( 8 ) The differences among these surveies might be attributed to the nature of the job itself as some adult females tend to hide the event and prefer non coverage. Besides, the disagreement in force definition every bit good as the adoptive attack for gauging force happening whether one-year or life clip happening might explicate the differences of domestic force prevalence among these surveies.The consequences of the current survey besides revealed that doctors tended to hold a comparatively low positi ve overall attitude mark towards force against adult females ( 60.75 + 13.16 % ) , with a average per centum mark of 42.36 + 15.37 % for relationship between spouses domain, 75.73 + 21.80 % for good grounds to hit married womans domain, and 58.39 + 17.11 % for direction of domestic force sphere. This low mark can be attributed to cultural and social values in eastern states, as doctors themselves are the merchandises of the current cultural tradition. ( 17 ) Besides, hapless cognition and deficient preparation can be behind this low positive attitude. ( 18-22 ) Absence of clear guidelines to cover with DV at the degree of the primary wellness attention centres and inaccessibility of specific intervention prescription can besides significantly lend to this low attitude. ( 23 ) Low attitude of primary wellness attention physicians towards DV can sabotage their abilities to name and decently manage battered adult females, particularly with respect to implementing suited intercession st eps.Female doctors tended to hold a higher positive mark on all the studied attitude spheres. Female doctors were reported to responsibleness the most positive encouraging attitude towards DV against adult females when compared with male doctors. ( 24 ) Rose and Saunders suggested that female suppliers whitethorn hold more empathetic attitudes towards victims of interpersonal force. ( 25 ) Besides, there is an increasing research demoing that preventative attention services for females rendered by female professionals increases the acceptableness and efficiency of medical services. ( 26,27 ) Besides Kuwaiti doctors had a significantly higher positive attitude for relationship between spouses than the non-Kuwaiti doctors. Old ages spent at current work were significantly negatively correlated with striking of adult females sphere and the entire attitude mark, bespeaking that with addition in old ages at work there is an attach toing lessening in the specified attitude spheres. Howev er, married position and degree of instruction, and age did non demo any important relation with the attitude domains. Education did non turn out to alter the attitude toward domestic force. ( 28 ) Some surveies did non demo any important relationship between attitude toward interpersonal force from one side and business, old ages of employment, and matrimonial position on the other side. ( 24 )Empathic and emotionally supportive behaviour of doctors will promote beat-up adult females to unwrap the force they suffered. This can ensue in supplying a high quality attention services and guarantee efficient use of the available resources to cover with force. Plans for preparation of doctors to beef up their cognition, attitude and pattern towards domestic force against adult females are needed in Kuwait to better the medical services administered to buffet adult females